Overview

The study of languages and literatures opens doors to international understanding and the appreciation of ancient and contemporary cultures and civilizations. The department gives interested students of the university the following opportunities:

• To major or minor in a language;
• To prepare for careers in international organizations, the Foreign Service, government, business or industry, teaching;
• To participate in a study abroad program;
• To obtain humanities and social sciences credits on an elective basis;
• To fulfill undergraduate language requirements;
• To become a more aware and informed citizen of the world.

Majors and minors are offered in Classical Studies, French, German, Russian, and Spanish. Additional minors are offered in Arabic, Chinese Studies, Classical Languages, French for Business, Italian, Japanese Studies, and Latin. The department also offers instruction in modern Greek, Hebrew, Korean, and Portuguese.

Degree Requirements

The graduation requirements in effect at the time of graduation apply. When choosing the degree requirements information, always choose the year of your expected date of graduation. Requirements for graduation are referred to via university publications as "Checksheets". The number of credit hours required for degree completion varies among curricula. Students must satisfactorily complete all requirements and university obligations for degree completion.

The university reserves the right to modify requirements in a degree program. However, the university will not alter degree requirements less than two years from the expected graduation year unless there is a transition plan for students already in the degree program.

Please visit the University Registrar website at http://registrar.vt.edu/graduation-multi-brief/index1.html for degree requirements.

A minimum grade of C (2.0) must be earned by majors and minors in all courses required for the major or minor.

Arabic

Arabic Minor

To obtain a minor in Arabic, a student must complete 18 hours in Arabic at the 2000 level and above, including 2774, 3105, and 3106.

Chinese

Chinese Studies Minor

To obtain a minor in Chinese Studies, a student must complete 18 hours of approved courses, including at least 12 hourse of Chinese.

Classical Studies

Classical Studies Major

To complete the interdisciplinary major in Classical Studies, a student must complete 36 hours: 18 in Classical Studies (History, Art & Art History, Mythology, Literature, Culture, Religion, etc.) and 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin). Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit.

Classical Studies Minor

To obtain an interdisciplinary minor in Classical Studies, a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Studies, with at least 6 hours at the 3000-level or above. Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit.

Classical Languages Minor

To obtain a minor in Classical Languages, a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin), with at least 6 hours at the 3000-level or above. Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit.

French

French Major

To complete a major in French, a student must complete 33 hours at the 3000-level and above, including:

• 3105, 3106, *3126, **3304, 3314, and 4154;
• three of the following: 3164, 3205, 3206, 3305, 3306, 3424, 3444, 3454
• two of the following: ***4164, 4314, 4324.

*Students who demonstrate satisfactory oral proficiency by examination may be exempted from French 3126, in which case the three credits earned by examination can count toward the 33 credits required for the major. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is an elective designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126.

** Although 3304 is a prerequisite for 3305, 3306, 3314, 3424, 3434, 3444, and 3454, it may be waived in some instances. Contact the French program director for details.

***French 4314 and 4324 are variable content courses that may be repeated for credit.

Except with consent in special cases, 2964: Field Study, 2984: Special Study, 4964: Field Study, 4974: Independent Study, 4984: Special Study, and 4994: Undergraduate Research may not be used to complete the major.

Students placed at a higher level may substitute any 3xxx or 4xxx course beyond the major requirements for FR 3105 or FR 3106.

French Minor

To obtain a minor in French, a student must complete 18 hours in French at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105 and 3106. Students must take at least one French culture course (any 34xx course, or 3314). In some instances, French 3164 may count toward the minor.

Students placed at a higher level may substitute any course beyond the minor requirements for FR 2105 or FR 2106.

French for Business Concentration

To obtain the French for Business concentration, a student must complete 18 hours at the 1000-2000 level, including the following courses: 1105, 1106, 2105, 2164, 2714, and a CLE Area 7 course or any Study Abroad credit course.

French for Business Minor

The French for Business minor requires 18 hours of French at the 2000-level and above. The minor must include the following courses: 3105, 3106; two of the following: 2164, 3164, 4164; and two of the following: 2714, 3205, 3206, 3304, 3314, 3424, 3434, 3444, 3454, 4154.

German

German Major

To complete a major in German, a student must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above, including the following required courses: 3105, 3106, *3126, 3204, 3305, 3306, 4154, and six additional hours of 4000-level coursework. Major elective credit for courses taught in English may be awarded for up to two courses with the approval of the adviser.

*Students may be exempted from German 3126 through demonstration of satisfactory oral proficiency by examination, in which case three additional hours of advanced elective course work in German will be necessary to complete the required 30 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126; for most students, the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 30 required for the major.

The 30 hours must be in German courses exclusive of 3125, 3195, 3196, 3414, and 4964

German Minor

To obtain a minor in German, a student must complete 18 hours in German at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the 3000 or 4000 level, including the required courses 3105 and 3106. Up to one of the following advanced level courses taught in English may count towards the German minor with the approval of the adviser: 3414, 3474, 4334.

Italian

Italian Minor

To obtain a minor in Italian, a student must complete 18 hours of course work in Italian at the 2000 level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level and must include 3105, 3106, 3305, and 3306.

Japanese

Japanese Studies Minor

To obtain a minor in Chinese Studies, a student must complete 18 hours of approved courses, including at least 12 hourse of Chinese.

Latin

Latin Minor

To obtain a minor in Latin, a student must complete 18 hours of course work in Latin, including 6 hours at the 3000 level or above. Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit.

Russian

Russian Major

To obtain a major in Russian, students must take 33 hours, including the following: 2105, 2106, 2734, 3105, 3106, 3124, 3304, 3314, 4204*, and 4304*.

*Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit. At least one of these courses will need to be taken twice in order to meet the requirement that at least 24 of the required 33 hours be taught in Russian.

Russian Minor

To obtain a minor in Russian, a student must complete 18 hours in Russian at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105 and 3106.

Spanish

Spanish Major

To complete a major in Spanish, a student must complete 33 hours at the 3000-level and above, including:

• 3105, 3106, *3126, 3304;
• five of the following: at least two from the group 3404, 3414, 3444, 3464, 3474, 3484; and at least one from the group 3494, 3514, 3524, 3534, 3544, 3554.
• two 4xxx-level courses.

* Spanish students may earn credit by exam for Spanish 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students, the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 33 required for the major.

Except with consent in special cases, the 33 hours must be in Spanish courses exclusive of: 2964, 2984, 4964, 4974, 4984, and 4994.

Students must earn 33 SPAN credits regardless of initial course placement. If you have AP or IB Spanish credit, see your Spanish Advisor.

Spanish Minor

To obtain a minor in Spanish, a student must complete 18 hours at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3304, and one of the following: 3404, 3414, 3444, 3464, 3474, 3484, 3494, 3514, 3524, 3534, 3544, 3554.

Students must earn 18 SPAN credits regardless of initial course placement. If you have AP or IB Spanish credit, see your Spanish Advisor.

Restrictions for all majors and minors

1000-level courses do not count for Majors or Minors in French, German, Russian or Spanish.

1000-level courses do count toward Majors and Minors in Classical Studies, Latin, and Classical Languages.

Questions about courses numbered 4964, 4974, 4984, and 4994 should be addressed to the director of the specific language program or the department chair.

No more than six hours of 4964 (Field Study) may be taken.

Courses designated 3195-3196 do not satisfy the foreign language requirement for the University or the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences.

Courses designated as 3954 (Study Abroad) may carry major credit only if the student is eligible to pursue courses above the second-year level; otherwise credits will be assigned at the first and second-year level as appropriate in each individual case.

Independent Study

The minimum grade point averages required for independent study in the Department of Modern & Classical Languages & Literature are a 3.3 in 3000- and 4000-level courses in the language of the independent study, a 2.5 overall average, and a 3.0 in all course work completed after the freshman year. Students wishing to enroll in courses designated 4974 (Independent Study) must receive permission from the instructor and the department chair during the term prior to enrollment. No more than eight hours of independent study and/or undergraduate research combined may be counted toward a degree.

Study Abroad

The department encourages students to work and/or study abroad. Information relating to work and/or study abroad programs is available from the department office (331 Major Williams) and from the Global Education Office.

The department offers summer study abroad programs in France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Oman, Senegal, Russia, Spain (Madrid and the Camino de Santiago), and semester- or year-long exchange programs in Caen (France), Oviedo (Spain), and Quito (Ecuador).

Information related to work and/or study abroad programs not sponsored by the department is available from the Global Education office.

Satisfactory Progress

University policy requires that students who are making satisfactory progress toward a degree meet minimum criteria toward the General Education (Curriculum for Liberal Education or Pathways) (see "Academics") and toward the Foreign Languages degree.

Satisfactory progress requirements toward the B.A. in Classical Studies, B.A. in French, B.A. in German, B.A. in Russian, and B.A. in Spanish can be found on their major checksheet by visiting the University Registrar website at http://registrar.vt.edu/graduation-multi-brief/index1.html.

Repeating Work Completed

Students who have studied a foreign language may not repeat work completed at another institution without advance permission of the instructor. For example, those who have studied four years of a language in high school cannot study that language at the elementary level for credit. Native speakers may not take language courses below the 3000 level in their native language.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (FL)

1984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (ARBC)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY ARABIC
Fundamentals of Arabic with emphasis on developing proficiency for communication through reading, writing, speaking, listening, and cultural competence. ARBC 1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY ARABIC
Proficiency-oriented approach to Elementary Arabic, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Develops speaking, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, writing, and cultural competency at the novice-high level. Duplicates 1105 and 1106. Not recommended for Native Speakers. (6H,6C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE ARABIC
2105: First course in the intermediate-level sequence in Arabic. Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, cultural competency, and oral communication. Pre: 1106 for 2105; 2105 for 2106. (3H,3C)

2774: ARAB CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Overview of Arab culture and civilization, with an emphasis on the modern Middle East. Familiarizes students with the geography, history, politics and sociology of the Arab world and identifies the cultural forces that shape current events in the region. Explores the impact of colonialism, war, religion, gender relations, and media technologies in the Arab world. Taught in English. (3H,3C)

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: ADVANCED ARABIC
3105: First course in the advanced-level sequence in Arabic. Practice in communication skills in Arabic both orally and in writing, including review of grammar, directed composition, and conversation, with an emphasis on pronunciation, cultural competency, and oral expressions. Not recommended for native speakers. 3106: Second course in the advanced-level sequence in Arabic. Reinforcement of oral proficiency, reading, grammar, and writing skills, allowing students to explore a broad range of texts of general and professional interest. Not recommended for native speakers. Pre: 2106 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C)

3124: ARABIC FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
Devoted to the acquisition of spoken dialect and the enhancement of cultural competency. Provides students with the skills necessary to modify the pronunciation and grammar rules of Modern Standard Arabic in order to speak and comprehend conversational Arabic at the intermediate level. Emphasis on speaking, listening comprehension, daily-life experiences, body-language, and cultural knowledge. Not recommended for native speakers. Pre: 2105. (3H,3C)

3304: MODERN ARABIC LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Familiarizes students with the cultural, intellectual, and historical contexts of major Arabic literary texts. Provides students with skills necessary to analyze the rhetorical devices and literary techniques of the texts under study. Texts from major literary genres include poems, short stories and realist and experimental novels. Explores topics including postcolonialism, resistance, war, romance, tradition, religion, feminism, and pop culture. Taught in English. (3H,3C)

3474: TOPICS IN ARAB CINEMA
Examination of the cultural, intellectual, and historical contexts of Arab cinematic works. Exploration of the ways in which Arab cinema reflects the dynamics of political, economic, and social change in modern Arab societies, as well as how the Arab world is represented in Western films. Variable topics such as war and conflict, terrorism, postcolonialism and movements for national independence, feminism, gender and sexuality, and globalization. Taught in English. Variable content. May be repeated 2 times with different content for a maximum of 6 credits. (3H,3C)

3514: MEDIA ARABIC
Reading and listening comprehension, analysis, writing, translation, and cultural conventions pertaining to Arabic print and broadcast media. Pre: 2105. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive work in written Arabic. Devoted to enhance the grammar, stylistics, writing, and cultural competency of Arabic students at the advanced level. Emphasis on analyzing and writing personal, academic, and professional texts, with attentiveness to the cultural conventions common to each genre. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C)

4334: RESEARCH IN ARAB CULTURE
Interpretation of sources about Arab culture. Examination of the historical, intellectual, and cultural contexts of major cultural productions. Integration of authentic Arabic language texts into research. Analysis of the impact of gender, race, and class on cultural productions in the Arab world. Taught in English. Pre: 2105, 2774. (3H,3C)

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (CHN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY CHINESE
Fundamentals of the Chinese language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency. 1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106 is for students who have completed 1105, or more than one year, but less than three years of high school Chinese. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE CHINESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Mandarin Chinese, communication in Chinese; study of some literature and culture of the Chinese people. 2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: ADVANCED CHINESE
3105: Practice in communication skills in Chinese both orally and in writing, including review of grammar, directed composition, and conversation, with an emphasis on pronunciation, cultural competency, and oral expressions. Not recommended for native speakers. 3106: Reinforcement of oral proficiency, reading, grammar, and writing skills, allowing students to explore a broad range of texts of general and professional interest. Not recommended for native speakers. Pre: 2106 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (CLA)

1134 (RLCL 1134): THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN WORLD
Ancient cultures of the Mediterranean world with a focus on their embodiments in the arts, literature, history, philosophy, and religion. Emphasis on Greek, Hellenistic and Roman cultures, their interrelationships with each other and their historical, cultural, material and intellectual encounters with contemporary Mediterranean cultures as their influence on later and modern cultures. (3H,3C)

2224 (HIST 2224): ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN WOMEN
Examines the history of ancient Greek and Roman women from ninth century BCE to the fall of the Roman Empire. Analyzes contributions of women to each civilization. Studies construction of and contemporary debates about women's ascribed social, political, and cultural roles. (3H,3C)

2234 (HIST 2234): CLASSICS IN THE MODERN WORLD
Examines the influences, traditions, and receptions of the ancient Greeks and Romans in the modern world, especially in the United States. Explores the re-interpretation of the ancient Greek and Roman world across mediums, and by leaders and governments in diverse societies. Discusses contexts and ideologies of re-makings of the ancient Greek and Roman world. (3H,3C)

2434: FAIRYTALE, FOLKLORE, AND MAGIC: POPULAR LITERATURE IN ANCIENT GREECE & ROME
Survey of ancient Greek and Roman popular literature. Introduces students to a wide array of texts, ranging from the ancient novel, popular compilations (e.g. books of marvels, fables, and jokes), ritual texts, funerary inscriptions, and folklore/fairytales. Examination of how scholars define popular literature as a category and introduction of contemporary approaches to it. Exploration of the connection of ancient Greek and Roman tales to international ones from different cultures and perspectives. Special attention to the depiction of private rituals in Greek and Latin literature. In English. (3H,3C)

2444 (ENGL 2444) (RLCL 2444): ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY
Surveys ancient Greek and Roman mythology. Provides students with an introduction to selected myths from ancient Greek and Roman literature, including appropriate historical background information. Familiarizes students with how theories of myth have been applied to individual stories and how such mythological tales have been received by authors and artists in subsequent cultures. Explores the interaction and interdependence of mythological tales from different cultures and perspectives. In English. (3H,3C)

2454 (ENGL 2454): ANCIENT GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
A variable content course devoted to the study of major works of Ancient Greek and Latin literature in English translation. May be repeated for credit with different content. In English. No knowledge of Ancient Greek or Latin required. Not for credit toward a Latin Minor. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (FR)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY FRENCH
Fundamentals of the French language with emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. 1105 for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106 for students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. X-grade allowed. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY FRENCH
Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary French, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context. Taught in French. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE FRENCH
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken French, communication in French, literature, and culture of French-speaking world. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106 for 2105; 2105 for 2106. (3H,3C)

2164: INTERMEDIATE BUSINESS FRENCH
This course emphasizes all four language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) by focusing on various facets of the world of business and technology. It also develops students' understanding of French institutions and business practices. Pre: 2105. (3H,3C)

2714: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
French culture and civilization from prehistoric cave paintings to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, achitecture, intellectual movements, and lifestyle in the context of French political history, society, and globalization, including elements of French culture that arrived through conquerors, migrants, and immigrants. Taught in English. (3H,3C)

2794H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: COMPOSITION, CONVERSATION AND GRAMMAR
Development of the ability to write and speak through the effective use of French syntax and morphology. Increased reading and listening skills through the study of authentic materials in the target language. Understanding the role of culture in communication. Conducted in French. Pre: 2106 or 2164. (3H,3C)

3125-3126: FRENCH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken French. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S -1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the ACTFL-OPI or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3105, 3106. (3H,3C)

3164: ADVANCED BUSINESS FRENCH
In this skills-based course, students learn to use appropriate French technical vocabulary for different business contexts, do translation, write professional correspondence, and read articles related to the worlds of business, economics, and finance. Cross-cultural differences regarding the work place are also a focus of the course. Pre: 3105, 3106. (3H,3C)

3205,3206: FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
3205: Patterns of French life and culture in the context of social, intellectual, and institutional changes from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. 3206: From the French Revolution to the present with an introduction to other francophone parts of the world. Pre: (3105, 3106). (3H,3C)

3304: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH LITERATURE
Introduction to French literature through analysis and discussion of selected texts from different periods and genres. Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. Intensive writing component. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C)

3305,3306: SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE
Readings in French literature from the Middle Ages to the present to acquaint students with literary techniques and contexts. Pre: 3304, 3105, 3106. (3H,3C)

3314: INTRODUCTION TO FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
Introduction to the literatures and cultures of French-speaking regions outside of France including North Africa, the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Quebec. Examination of thematic and cultural aspects of literatures of those regions within their socio-historical contexts. Exploration of movements and notions as Negritude, postcolonialism, identity, race, and nation as they relate to the legacy of colonial France. Development of research skills such as finding appropriate sources and proper citation, and of intercultural sensitivity through analysis of works outside Western traditions. Taught in French. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3304. (3H,3C)

3424: FRENCH CULTURE FROM MIDDLE AGES TO RENAISSANCE
Overview of major events, currents, ideas, works, and figures in French culture from the Middle Aes to the end of the Renaissance. Emphasis on nation-building and cultural production. Critical reading and writing in French. Analysis of a variety of literary texts and cultural artifacts affects from a chronological and thematic perspective. Taught in French. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3434: FRENCH CULTURE FROM BAROQUE TO REVOLUTION
Overview of major events, currents, ideas, works, and figures in French culture from the Baroque era to the French Revolution (1610-1799). Emphasis on nation-building and cultural production in a European and Global context. Critical reading and writing in French. Analysis of a variety of literary texts and cultural artifacts from a chronological and thematic perspective. Taught in French. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3444: FRENCH CULTURE FROM ROMANTICISM TO BELLE ÉPOQUE
Overview of major events, movements, ideas, works, and figures in French culture from the Romantic period (1800) through the Belle Époque (1914). Emphasis on literary and cultural works in their social and historical contexts. Critical reading and analysis in French. Study of the impact of French history on French culture. Interpretation of intercultural experiences according to different world views. Taught in French. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3454: FRENCH CULTURE FROM WORLD WARS TO GLOBAL PRESENT
Overview of major events, currents, ideas, works, and figures in French culture from World War I to the present, a period characterized by colonialism, world conflict, and globalization. Analysis of literary and cultural works in their social and historical contexts, toward an understanding of the French language as a global idiom involving diverse worldviews and cultures. Critical reading and writing in French. Taught in French. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive work in written French. Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate French in a variety of modes (e.g., epistolary style, the formal and informal essay). Writing intensive. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4164: SPECIAL TOPICS IN BUSINESS FRENCH
A variable content course devoted to developing and perfecting highly advanced language skills through the study of special topics in the French and francophone business worlds. Emphasis on a mastery of specialized French for professional settings. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught even years. Pre: 3106, 3164. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French literature, such as an author, a group of authors, a literary movement or genre during a specific period of French literary history (i.e., Voltaire, the Pleiade, Romanticism, the nouveau roman). May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3304, (3305 or 3306 or 3314). (3H,3C)

4324: SPECIAL TOPICS IN FRENCH LIFE, LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French culture or language as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., such as phonetics, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in French. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3304, 3314 or 3424 or 3434 or 3444 or 3454. (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN FRENCH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level French course, senior standing, French major, and consent of French Section required. (1H,1C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (GER)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY GERMAN
Fundamentals of the German language with emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. 1105: for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106: for students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY GERMAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary German, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. It develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context. Partially duplicates GER 1105 and 1106. (6H,6C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: ACCELERATED INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to intermediate German, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the intermediate stages of language learning. The course strengthens the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a cultural context. Accelerated version of GER 2105-2106. Pre: 1106. (6H,6C)

2724: INTRODUCTION TO GERMAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Examination of major German-language cultural movements, works, and figures from the earliest times to the present. Interdisciplinary exploration of German-language literature, film, art, architecture, music, and theatre in the context of the history of the German-speaking world. Analysis of Germanic culture, values and beliefs, and politics in their European and international context. Taught in English. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Progressive and comprehensive review of German syntax and morphology. Development of written and oral expression. Development of reading and listening skills and introduction to contemporary public debates through the study of original German materials. Understanding of the role of social, historical, political, and cultural contexts and of fact- based reasoning in communication. Introduction to cultural research in German. Taught in German. GER 3105: review of basic and complex grammatical structures; GER 3106: review of advanced grammatical structures, writing intensive. Pre: 2106 or 2114 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C)

3125-3126: GERMAN ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken German. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C)

3204: CULTURE OF THE GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Study of German, Austrian, and Swiss culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present, including literature, art, architecture, film, and music. Pre: 3104 or 3105 or 3106. (3H,3C)

3305,3306: SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE
Overview of genres and themes in German literature. Familiarizes students with the socio-historical context necessary to discuss critically literary themes and analyze literary texts. 3305: examines major works from the High Middle Ages to the end of Classicism; 3306: examines major works from Romanticism to the present. Taught in German. Pre: (3105, 3106) or (3105, 3204) or (3105, 3306) or (3106, 3204) or (3106, 3306) for 3305; 3105 or 3106 for 3306. (3H,3C)

3414 (ENGL 3414): GERMAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
A variable content course devoted to the study of major German literary works in English translation. May be repeated with different content. May not be taken for credit toward a major or minor in a foreign language. No knowledge of German required. In English. One 2000- level English literature course required. (3H,3C)

3474: TOPICS IN GERMAN CINEMA
Critical issues in the history of German Cinema. Aesthetic characteristics of major periods, with an emphasis on cinematic trends and ways in which films reflect cultural developments in German-speaking countries. Taught in English. Variable content. May be taken twice for credit with different content. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive advanced work in written German. Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate German in a variety of modes. Style analysis. Writing intensive. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4304: AGE OF GOETHE
Major writers of the age of Goethe: Goethe, and Schiller; the development of German Classicism. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN 19TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
Variable content course devoted to the study of 19th century drama, lyric, and prose. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of major literary works of the 20th century. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN GERMAN LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Variable content course devoted to the study of various aspects of German culture, literature, and language. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: (3105, 3106), (3305 or 3306). (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN GERMAN STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. May be taken twice for credit with different content. PRE: one 4000-level German course, major with senior standing, and consent required. (1H,1C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (GR)

1105-1106: CLASSICAL AND NEW TESTAMENT GREEK
Introduction to classical/New Testament Greek, for development of reading ability. 1105: Short readings of graded difficulty. 1106: Introduction to the basics of the introduction of language, continued, with the introduction of select longer passages from ancient Greek authors. (3H,3C)

1205-1206: ELEMENTARY MODERN GREEK
Fundamentals of modern Greek with emphasis on developing proficiency for communication through reading, writing, speaking, listening, and cultural competence. GR 1205 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language. (3H,3C)

2104 (RLCL 2104): GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
Review and refinement of the language is combined with readings from the New Testament in ancient Greek, with attention to historical context and analysis of the language May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: READINGS IN CLASSICAL GREEK LITERATURE
Study of several major writers of ancient Greek literature. Selections from epic poetry, tragedies, philosophical dialogues, history and oratory. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (HEB)

1105-1106 (JUD 1105-1106): ELEMENTARY MODERN HEBREW
Introduction to speaking, listening, reading, and writing the modern Hebrew language. Emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use, comprehension and cultural competency. 1105: Basic tasks such as greetings, counting, and simple requests; for students with no prior knowledge of the language. 1106: More advanced tasks like asking directions, expressing personal preferences, or making purchases. (3H,3C)

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (ITAL)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY ITALIAN
Fundamentals of the Italian language with emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. 1105: for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106: for students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY ITALIAN
Proficiency-oriented approached to elementary Italian, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context. Duplicates 1105 and 1106. (6H,6C)

1204: ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURES
Fundamentals of the Italian Language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency. Offered off campus. Does not fulfill the University foreign language requirement. Variable credit course. Variable credit course.

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE ITALIAN
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Italian, communication in Italian, literature, and culture of Italy. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: CULTURE COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Practice in oral and written communication in Italian on a variety of topics in Italian culture. Progressive and comprehensive review of Italian grammar. Expansion of vocabulary. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3305,3306: INTRODUCTION TO ITALIAN LITERATURE IN CONTEXT
Overview of genres and themes of Italian literature from national unification to the present. Familiarizes students with the socio-historical context necessary to discuss and write critically about this literature. 3305 examines the period from unification until the end of World War II including representations of national identity at the time of unification and beyond, generic experimentalism, resistance and complicity in the Fascist era, social realities during World War II. 3306: examines the period from the end of World War II to the present including retrospective debates about historical eras, economic conditions and political responses, gender politics, the influence of specific historical migrations on literature. Taught in Italian. Pre: 3105 or 3106. (3H,3C)

3474: TOPICS IN ITALIAN CINEMA
Critical issues in the history of modern and contemporary Italy through cinema, with an emphasis on films produced in Italy that most reflect the nation, its culture and society, and its cinematic trends. Students will discuss and write about the cultural, intellectual, and historical contexts present in Italian cinematic works. Sample topics, depending on the given semester, include organized crime, immigration, the urbanization of Italy, and neorealism. Taught in English. May be repeated, with different content, for a maximum of 6 credit hours. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (JPN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY JAPANESE
Fundamentals of the Japanese language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency. 1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106 is for students who have completed 1105, or more than one year, but less than three years of high school Japanese. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Japanese, communication in Japanese; study of some literature and culture of the Japanese people. 2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: ADVANCED JAPANESE
3105: Practice in communication skills in Japanese both orally and writing, including review of grammar, directed composition and conversation, with an emphasis on pronunciation, cultural competency, and oral expressions. Not recommended for native speakers. 3106: Reinforcement of oral proficiency, reading, grammar, and writing skills, allowing students to explore a broad range of texts of general and professional interest. Not recommended for native speakers. Pre: 2106 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C)

3125-3126: JAPANESE FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
Devoted to the acquisition of spoken dialect and the enhancement of cultural competency. 3125: Provides students with the ability to converse in every day Japanese conversation. Focus on everyday conversational skills including life topics, transactions, and Japanese media. Emphasis on appropriate body language and understanding of cultural, political, and religious knowledge. 3126: Provides students with the ability to converse in advanced and complex situations. Focus on formal conversations (honorific, humble, and extra-polite) and business Japanese. Not recommended for native speakers. Pre: 2106 for 3125; 3125 for 3126. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4104: JAPANESE ADVANCED GRAMMAR
Advanced Japanese grammar skills. Use of special verbs in honorific, extra-modest, and humble form. Analysis and writing of personal and professional texts. Question formation within larger sentences, naming items, using passive and passive-causative sentences. Development of the ability to read, write, and apply the use of 317 intermediate-level kanji in various contexts. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (KOR)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY KOREAN
Introduction to speaking, listening, reading, and writing the Korean language. Emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use, comprehension, and cultural competency. 1105: Basic tasks such as greetings, counting, and simple requests; for students with no prior knowledge of the language. 1106: Transactions like asking directions, expressing personal preferences, or making purchases. (3H,3C)

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (LAT)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY LATIN
Introduction to Latin, for development of reading ability. 1105: Introduction to the basics of the language and short readings of graded difficulty. 1106: Introduction to the basics of the language, continued, with introduction of selected passages from ancient Roman authors for reading, comprehension, and translation. (3H,3C)

2104: CICERO AND LIVY
A course in two major Latin prose authors. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: LATIN EPIC: VERGIL AND OVID
A course in two important Latin poets of the Age of Augustus with a view to increasing the students ability to understand and read Latin. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2124: LATIN LYRIC: CATULLUS AND HORACE
Two important Latin poets of the Late Republic. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C)

2134: LATE MEDIEVAL LATIN
Post-classical Latin, from Augustine and Boethius through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and the Modern Age. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3004: READINGS IN LATIN LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of major Latin texts not offered in the 2000-level courses. Emphasis is on content, style, and context. May be repeated for credit with different content. Two 2000-level courses in Latin or equivalent proficiency required. Writing Intensive. (3H,3C)

4004: DIRECTED STUDIES IN LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION
Application of Latin grammar structure to the translation of English into Latin. Original compositions are written in Latin. (Will be offered during the academic year whenever there is sufficient enrollment and available staffing). One 3000-level course in Latin required. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (PORT)

1105-1106: BEGINNING CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE
Essential vocabulary and structures of the Portuguese language as spoken in Brazil; emphasis on active spoken and written use of the language for practical daily purposes. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (RUS)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY RUSSIAN
Fundamentals of grammar, pronunciation, conversation, and reading. Respond to simple questions using appropriate grammar and syntax, participate in conversation about family, school, everyday situations, etc., write in cursive, and read adapted texts. 1105: Grammar and conversation; 1106: Grammar, conversation, and reading. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY RUSSIAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary Russian, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context. Duplicates 1105 and 1106. (6H,6C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN
Grammar, reading, conversation, and composition. Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Russian. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: ACCELERATED INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to intermediate Russian for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the intermediate stages of language learning. Develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context. Duplicates 2105 and 2106. Pre: 1106 or 1114. (6H,6C)

2734: INTRODUCTION TO RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Introduction to Russian Culture and Civilization. Interactions between major political and historical events, social and artistic movements in Russia. Russian literature, art, architecture, film, and theatre in the context of Russian cultural history. Aesthetic and rhetorical strategies. Interpretation of intercultural experiences from different vantage points. Taught in English. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Detailed study of grammar. Practice in written and oral expression in Russian on a variety of topics. Supplementary readings to emphasize application of grammatical principles. 3105 includes a rapid grammatical review. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3124: RUSSIAN FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
Devoted to the acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Russian. Content-based instruction in small groups. For students who would like to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. Admission by oral exam required. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C)

3304: SURVEY OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Masterpieces of Russian fiction and poetry written between 1815 and 1881. Romantic poetry of the early nineteenth century and traces the beginnings of Russian prose from early short stories to the rise of the novel as the dominant literary form in the second half of the century. History and politics to theological and philosophical issues in various works. Methods, terminology and practice of literary analysis. Taught in English. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H. (3H,3C)

3314: SURVEY OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Masterpieces of the twentieth-century Russian literature. Symbolist, Acmeist and Futurist poetry, modernist and postmodernist prose such as Mikhail Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita", and Viktor Pelevin's "Life of Insects." Terminology, practice, and standard methods of literary analysis. Interactions between major political events, social and literary movement. Aesthetic and rhetorical strategies. Taught in English. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H. (3H,3C)

3424 (ENGL 3424): TOPICS IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Variable-content course devoted to the study of Russian literary classics. From general surveys of nineteenth- and twentieth-century literature to more intensive study of the works of a single major author. Aesthetic and rhetorical strategies. Interactions between literary movements and political, historical, and cultural events. May be repeated once with different content for a maximum of 6 credits. Readings and lectures in English. No knowledge of Russian required. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H or COMM 1016. (3H,3C)

3434 (ENGL 3434): THE WORKS OF VLADIMIR NABOKOV
Readings in major works of Vladimir Nabokov from the 1920s through the 1970s. Aesthetic and rhetorical strategies, literary analysis, major themes, immigration and cultural knowledge. Taught in English. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H or COMM 1016. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4204: TOPICS IN RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Specific topics in Russian culture and civilization. Variable content. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4304: STUDIES IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Selected masterpieces of Russian literature, read in original. Lectures and discussions in Russian. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (SPAN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY SPANISH
Fundamentals of grammar, composition, and oral skills. Readings carefully selected for comprehension and simple conversation. 1105 for students with no high school Spanish; 1106 for students who have completed 1105 or who have less than three years of high school Spanish. (3H,3C)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY SPANISH
Condenses SPAN 1105 and 1106. Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary Spanish, designed for learners with some prior experience in the language or for those who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Supplemented with a self-instructional electronic component. Meets University and college foreign language requirement. SPAN 1114 duplicates SPAN 1106. (3H,2L,4C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE SPANISH
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106 or 1114 for 2105; 2105 for 2106. (3H,3C)

2154 (HORT 2154): SPANISH FOR THE GREEN INDUSTRY
Dialogue-based language course focusing on the vocabulary and grammatical structures pertaining to Green and Agricultural Industry jobs. Includes vocabulary and context specific to jobs and workers in greenhouse, nursery, turf and landscape environments. Spanish culture is included throughout the course along with grammar and structure. Prior study in Spanish is helpful but not required. (3H,3C)

2744: TOPICS IN SPANISH CULTURE
Examines fundamental concepts related to Spanish culture within a specific historical and geographical context. Interprets cultural artifacts of the period across selected genres, including drama, poetry, film, and/or art. Analyzes how cultural identity is constructed by multiple and diverse disciplinary perspectives and in response to global challenges and opportunities. Taught in English. Repeatable with different topics for a maximum of 6 credits. (3H,3C)

2754: TOPICS IN SPANISH AMERICAN CULTURE
Examination of fundamental concepts related to Spanish American culture in variable historical and geographical contexts through the study of one or more of the following: narrative; essay; drama; poetry; film; and art. Emphasis on the interpretation and analysis of cultural texts and other creative artifacts in the context of key historical and political events, in order to understand shifting concepts of cultural identity, advantages and challenges of diversity and inclusion, and global challenges and opportunities in the human world. Taught in English. Course may be repeated, with different topics, for a maximum of 6 credits. (3H,3C)

2764: INTRODUCTION TO LATINO AMERICAN STUDIES
Introduction to interdisciplinary field of Latino American Studies. Exploration of debates and problems of Latin American and Latina/o history and culture. Examination and analysis of transnational, social, and cultural trends. Emphasis on connections between United States and Latin America, and local and regional Latina/o communities. In English. (3H,3C)

2774: MINORITY LANGUAGES IN THE SPANISH-SPEAKING CONTEXT
Examination of language policies and practices with regard to minority languages across the Spanish-speaking context, histories of minority languages in Spanish-speaking areas, and the current socio-political situations of these languages and their speakers. Exploration of issues concerning linguistic rights, such as access to education, economic opportunities, and political status; analysis of the implications of restrictions on minority groups' linguistic rights. Discussion of why some minority-language speakers have been more successful in their language conservation or revitalization efforts than others. Taught in English. Does not count toward the Spanish major or minor. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Practice in communication skills in Spanish. Development of reading, writing, listening and speaking skills. Review and use of grammar. Comprehension of the role of culture in communicating and in understanding cultural differences. Study of authentic materials in Spanish. Not recommended for native speakers of Spanish. X-grade allowed. Pre: 2106 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C)

3125-3126: SPANISH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Spanish. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C)

3304: INTRODUCTION TO HISPANIC LITERATURE
Introduction to Hispanic literary genres (poetry, narrative, essay, and drama) through analysis and discussion of the main historical, political and cultural concepts of Hispanic Literature from Spain and Latin America from the Middle Ages to the present. Identification of issues of diversity (race, gender, and social class) in the Spanish-speaking world. Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. Taught in Spanish. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

3404: EARLY PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Examination of the culture and literature of Spain from the 9th century to the 18th century, including historical documents, narrative, poetry, theatre, and art. Emphasis on the interpretation and analysis of cultural texts in the context of key historical and political events. Examination of multiple levels of cultural identity, including advantages and challenges of diversity, found within the Iberian peninsula during that time frame. Reflection on similarities of intercultural exchange in medieval Spain and our own age. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3414: MODERN PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATUREM
Examination of the culture and literature of Spain from 1700 to the present, including narrative, poetry, theatre, film, and art. Emphasis on the interpretation and analysis of cultural texts in the context of key historical and political events, in order to understand shifting concepts of cultural identity and advantages and challenges of diversity. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3444: EARLY SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the cultural development of Spanish America from the pre-Hispanic era, the Encounter, the three hundred years of colonialism to Independence from Spain and nation- building in the 19th century; analysis of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, art, architecture and music; interpret intercultural experiences from one's own worldview. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3464: MODERN MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture, and literature of Mexico and Central America, spanning the 19th century post-independence period to the present; analysis of literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; interpretation of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music; analysis of current events and identification of changes brought on by globalization; articulation of the advantages and challenges of cultural diversity. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3474: MODERN SPANISH-CARIBBEAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture, and literature of the Spanish Carribbean, spanning the 19th century post- independence period to the present; analysis of literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; interpretation of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music; analysis of current events and identification of changes brought on by globalization; articulation of the advantages and challenges of cultural diversity. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3484: MODERN ANDEAN AND SOUTHERN CONE CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture and literature of the Andean and Southern Cone regions of South America, spanning the 19th century post-independence period to the present; examination of literary and cultural texts with the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; study of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both "high" and "popular" culture, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music; analysis of current events and identification of changes brought on by globalization; articulation of the advantages and challenges of cultural diversity. Tuaght in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3494: INTRODUCTION TO HISPANIC LINGUISTICS
Introduction to fundamental concepts of Hispanic linguistics. Examination of linguistic properties in Spanish (e.g.,morphology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics). Exploration of context-appropriate language use. Interpret experiences with language from different perspectives. Examination of complexities of cross-cultural communication. In Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3514: SPANISH FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
Specialized course applying knowledge of the Spanish language and its culture to the medical professions. Contextualized use of specific vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and cultural practices in real-world situations. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3524: INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH TRANSLATION
Introduction to the translation of various types of texts, such as literature, business correspondence, commercial advertising, and legal documents. Includes translation from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English, as well as a thorough review of Spanish grammar and idiomatic language. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3534: SPANISH FOR THE BUSINESS PROFESSIONS
Vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, business letters, and customs common to the Spanish-speaking commercial milieu. For students who would like to apply their language knowledge to careers in the business world. In Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3544: SOUNDS OF SPANISH
Provides students with an overview of phonetics and phonology in Spanish and familiarizes students with the articulatory descriptions of vowels and consonants of Spanish. Compares and contrasts the sound systems of Spanish and English. Analyzes the sound system using theories and methods in linguistics. Explores the social meaning of the phonetic variation that exists throughout the Spanish-speaking world. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3554: TEACHING SPANISH
Examination of theories and approaches to second-language and heritage-language learning and teaching. Discussion of technological resources and authentic materials that promote language teaching and individual differences that affect language learning. Analysis of pedagogical materials for the Spanish-language classroom. Hands-on experience with lesson-plan design for teaching Spanish. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3564: COMMUNITY THROUGH SERVICE: LATINO NRV
A service-learning course in Spanish. Exploration of Latino cultures in the U.S.; weekly service with members of local Latino communities who have requested help; reflection on community work and student citizenship; exploration of cultural factors involved in the construction of community, including the challenges of immigration, multiculturalism, and multilingualism within the U.S.; analysis of literary readings, films, and works of art from U.S. Latino communities; discussion of readings on Hispanic migrations and border studies, as well as articles on social privilege, service-learning, education, health care, language, and language learning. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4104: ADVANCED GRAMMAR AND STYLE
Analysis of and practice with advanced grammatical and stylistic concepts, including idiomatic and colloquial usage. Intended to help advanced students achieve high levels of proficiency in writing and speaking Spanish. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4114: TOPICS IN SPANISH LINGUISTICS
Variable content course that surveys linguistic concepts and methods as related to the Spanish language. Topics may include the study of the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Spanish; the pedagogical application of these language systems; the psychological and social context of language; and the development of Spanish from its origins to its modern form. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3494 or 3544. (3H,3C)

4124: SPANISH TRANSLATION: THEORY AND TECHNIQUE
Introduction to translation theories and application of these theories to different types of texts, including literature, business correspondence, commercial advertising, and legal documents. Includes translation from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English, as well as a thorough review of Spanish grammar and idiomatic language. Pre: 3524. (3H,3C)

4304: TOPICS IN EARLY MODERN LITERATURE AND CULTURE
Variable topics in Hispanic and/or Latin American literature and culture of the Early Modern period. Texts and/or cultural artifacts selected for aesthetic value, historical importance and thematic significance. Related scholarly criticism representing a variety of approaches. Emphasis on historical, social and cultural context. May be repeated twice for credit with different content. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3404 or 3414 or 3444 or 3464 or 3474 or 3484. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. The texts selected are studied not only for their aesthetic value but also in terms of their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. I Pre: 3414 or 3404 or 3444 or 3464 or 3474 or 3484. (3H,3C)

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH AND 21ST CENTURY HISPANIC LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 20th and 21st centuries. Offers an in-depth literary exploration of a significant historical period, cultural movement, theme, or genre. Focuses on literary and cultural analysis from a variety of perspectives. Practices advanced Spanish oral and writing skills. Examines texts that have aesthetic value and historical and cultural significance. May be taken up to three times for credit with different content. Pre: 3404 or 3414 or 3444 or 3464 or 3474 or 3484. (3H,3C)

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISPANIC LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Broad central themes of Hispanic culture as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., or in language, such as the history of the Spanish language, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in Spanish. Historical and/or national boundaries are crossed whenever the nature of the topic permits. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3404 or 3414 or 3444 or 3464 or 3474 or 3484. (3H,3C)

4344: HISPANIC LITERATURE AND THE REPRESENTATION OF HISTORY
Focuses on the relationship between history and literature in the Hispanic world through an interdisciplinary lens. Examines different geographical regions of the Hispanic world, theoretical readings, and the ways that authors have used various literary styles to portray, re-write, subvert, and even contradict their countries' official history. Examines texts that have aesthetic value and historical and cultural significance. Practices advanced Spanish oral and writing skills. This variable topics course may be repeated up to three times if topics are different. Pre: 3404 or 3414 or 3444 or 3464 or 3474 or 3484. (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN SPANISH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level Spanish course required. Restricted to Seniors. Restricted to Spanish majors. Consent of Spanish Section required. (1H,1C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4964H: FIELD STUDY
Honors Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.