Management

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Overview

Students in the Management major are guided by world-class faculty to prepare for careers in industry-leading and highly successful organizations. Our courses build strong foundations in fundamental management processes and prepare students to drive and lead organizations to sustainable and profitable growth in an increasingly complex world. We equip students with the mindset, approaches, and tools to succeed in a global business environment and the ability to translate disruptive change into business opportunities. Our courses and curriculum emphasize critical thinking, innovative problem solving, data analytics, ethical reasoning, persuasive communication, diversity & inclusion, and interpersonal and team effectiveness. These skills position Pamplin Management graduates for future success in a wide variety of high-paying careers or as entrepreneurs. We offer the three options of Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Technology Management (EIT), Human Resource Management (MHR) and Management Consulting & Analytics (MCA) following the Management Department's paradigm to Collaborate - Innovate - Integrate.

Management majors add considerable value to the organizations that employ them. Great managers in any business act as force multipliers, increasing the output generated by the people they work with and the resources available to them. Management majors, their teams and their organizations do this by finding ways to help organizations work smarter. Our core curriculum helps students develop the awareness needed to identify new entrepreneurial opportunities, improve organizational processes, use analytics to support evidence-based decisions, and effectively manage projects in support of organizational change and improvement.

Management majors complete at least one of three career-centered options: Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology (EIT), Managing Human Resources (MHR), or Managing Consulting and Analytics (MCA). In addition, many students choose to minor in Entrepreneurship, Leadership or International Business. Students also participate in paid and for-credit internships, career-focused clubs and student-led extracurricular activities. An emphasis on developing employable skills is further supported by course-based and one-on-one career planning.

Degree Requirements

The graduation requirements in effect at the time of graduation apply to the awarding of degrees. When consulting the degree requirements information, the year of expected graduation needs to be chosen. Requirements for graduation are referred to via university publications as "Checksheets". The number of credit hours required for degree completion varies among curricula. Students must satisfactorily complete all requirements and university obligations for degree completion.

The university reserves the right to modify requirements in a degree program. However, the university will not alter degree requirements less than two years from the expected graduation year unless there is a transition plan for students already in the degree program.

Please visit the University Registrar website at http://registrar.vt.edu/graduation-multi-brief/index1.html for degree requirements.

Management Options

Each Management major is required to select and complete at least one 9 credit hour management option. These options are designed to provide students critical skills targeted toward potential future career paths in the following areas.

Option EIT: Entrepreneurship, Innovation & Technology Management

Students develop an entrepreneurial mindset and the related organizational skills to identify problems that can be converted into opportunities, attract and deploy resources in pursuit of those opportunities, and to lead through innovation in both new and established companies. This option is designed for students who are considering starting their own businesses or who want to play a key role in making existing businesses more innovative and entrepreneurial. Three additional courses are required for those students selecting this option.

Option MHR: Human Resource Management

This option prepares general managers or individuals interested in a career in the human resources field with the knowledge and skills necessary to systematically manage people to achieve group and organizational objectives and to sustain organizational effectiveness. Students will be able to use systems in areas such as HR strategy, recruitment, training & development, performance management, corporate culture, change management, diversity & inclusion and compensation & benefits. This option will not only prepare students for functional careers in Human Resource Management but will also equip future business managers and leaders with the mindsets and tools to manage human assets successfully. Three additional courses are required for those students selecting this option.

Option MCA: Management Consulting & Analytics

Students develop knowledge and analytical skills to break down complex strategic problems and develop robust and innovative solutions, enabling them to pursue careers in management consulting. Critical skills and competencies taught in this option will also benefit future managers and leaders to drive success in a complex environment that relies heavily on data, analytics, project management and the power of high-performing teams. Three additional courses are required for those students selecting this option.

Minors Offered Through the Department of Management

Students from majors across the university (including Management majors) may also earn any of two minors offered through the Department of Management. These minors are the Organizational Leadership minor and the Entrepreneurship - New Venture Growth minor.

Organizational Leadership Minor

The Pathways Minor in Organizational Leadership is open to all Virginia Tech students with at least a 2.5 GPA in a minimum of 24 hours at Virginia Tech. The curriculum provides students with courses and experiences necessary to serve as more effective leaders within their organizations. Each student takes courses to improve their competencies across four areas: creativity and innovation; critical and strategic thinking; intercultural communication; and holistic thinking and ethical reasoning. Students also participate in a leadership field experience which enables them to develop areas specific to their own needs. The leadership minor consists for eighteen hours of study, including six hours of management courses, nine hours of electives, and three hours of experiential activity. Nine of the hours also count toward a student's Pathways to General Education requirements.

Entrepreneurship - New Venture Growth Minor

The Entrepreneurship-New Venture Growth minor is intended to focus on the knowledge and skills to create new ventures and lead their early growth. The objective is to provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to convert ideas into business successes, particularly in the context of engineering and science-based technology commercialization.

The curriculum consists of eighteen credit hours of study, including six hours of business restricted electives, and six hours of restricted electives.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (MGT)

1064: ENTREPRENEURS RESIDENCE EXPERIENCE Introduces students in the Innovate Living Learning Community to the various aspects of the entrepreneurial ecosytem at Virginia Tech and familiarizes them with common business terminology in the field. Discover the difference between ideas and entrepreneurial opportunities and relate current business events to topics in the course, including specific entrepreneurial opportunities. Provides weekly opportunities to interact with and learn from visiting entrepreneurs through various methods (i.e. fireside chats, dinners, and speaking events) to enhance learning outside of the classroom and build confidence in engaging with seasoned professionals. Discusses entrepreneurial ideas and current opportunities and applies learning to create and deliver an effective, individual startup concept pitch. (3H,3C)

1104: FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS Introduces students to the free enterprise system and the various business functions, such as management, human resources, marketing, operations, accounting and finance, technology as well as to the different types of business such as manufacturing and service. Analyzes the various business functions to help improve understanding of career interests and opportunities, as well as to provide a basic understanding of how a company operates. Applies learning through a group project in which a micro-business is created and managed. (3H,3C)

1935-1936: FUNDAMENTALS OF CADET PROFESSIONAL LEADERSHIP 1935: Foundational course of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets Citizen-Leader Program. Explores basic business etiquette and introduces the cadet to concepts of online professional identity, basic career preparation, resume writing, basic interviewing techniques and ways to create a healthy nutrition and physical fitness program. Includes a comprehensive physical fitness laboratory. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. 1936: Introduces methodologies for efficient and effective leadership, explores options for multiple career paths, basic business etiquette, opportunity to attend leadership conferences and field trips to local businesses. Prepares cadets for leadership positions in their sophomore year. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,2L,2C)

1945-1946: FUNDAMENTALS OF CADET LEADERSHIP Foundational course of the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadet Leader Development Program. Explores self-understanding, personality types, active and passive followership, leadership and ethical theories. A laboratory introduces freshmen cadets to academic success strategies. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,2L,2C)

1984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.

2064: FOUNDATIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP Introduction to the study and practice of entrepreneurship in a human-centered context. Examination of the influence of different cultures, institutions, and global factors and the role of human values, beliefs and behaviors on modes of entrepreneurial action. Application of theories and methods of entrepreneurial opportunity identification within the contexts of human behavior, social institutions and/or patterns of culture to generate ideas for new ventures and application of design-thinking theories and concepts in a field-based, experiential learning project to design, iterate and validate a value proposition and business model for a new venture. (3H,3C)

2104: CAREERS IN MANAGEMENT Career opportunities associated with the Management major\031s three options: Human Resource Management (HRM), Management Consulting and Analytics (MCA), and Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Technology (EIT). Analyzes the current job markets and opportunities for these career paths. Creating effective resumes and cover letters and researching and networking with targeted firms. Experience scenarios of informational, behavioral, case interviews, and elevator pitch presentations. Incorporate real life perspective through guest speakers who are industry experts and local field visits. Pre: Sophomore and Junior Management majors and business undecided only. Pass/Fail only. (1H,1C)

2114: PRINCIPLES OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT Broad and comprehensive overview of project management (PM) with emphasis on its application in organizations. Tools, techniques, and evaluative frameworks that are intended to solve problems and execute organizational strategy. Emphasizes project lifecycle and introduces multiple PM approaches and technologies. Change management evaluation and project manager role in implementing related strategies. Assessment of project financial performance, impact, and risk. Pre: 1064 or 1104. (3H,3C)

2204: GLOBAL BUSINESS OF POP CULTURE Analyze the global business of pop culture through a semester-long case study of a selected pop culture industry. Investigate how social, historical, political, and economic forces shape, and are shaped by, business-decision making at local and global scales. Emphasis on business-decision making by pop culture entities reflecting how they have (or have not) responded over time to changing power dynamics and inequity in the macroenvironment (e.g., reimagined social identities and expectations, accelerated globalization and market access, political unrest, etc.). Use project-based learning to assess past strategic decisions from multiple, intersecting perspectives (e.g., social, historical, political, economic, etc.) and make recommendations about market-based decisions. (3H,3C)

2314 (HTM 2314): INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Fundamental concepts of international business. International business environment and how it affects decisions, the creation of competitive advantage in the multinational firm, and complexities of managing it. Why international businesses exist, drivers of international expansion, differences among countries in terms of political, legal, economic, technological and cultural dimensions, and the complexity of international business decisions. Causes and consequences of globalization, international trade, and analyzing the challenges of managing international business, with a focus on a number of industries, including hospitality and tourism. Operational, strategic, and ethical issues which are unique to multinational corporations. (3H,3C)

2354: LEADERSHIP FOR MANAGERS AND ENTREPRENEURS Explores a broad range of concepts and theories important for a basic understanding of leadership skills for managers and entrepreneurs, including team leadership, motivation, conflict management, and community leadership. Practical assignments and case analyses used to examine the ethical challenges leaders face in a global context. Pre: Sophomore Standing. (3H,3C)

2404 (BIT 2404): MULTICULTURAL PROBLEM SOLVING AND ANALYTICS Study of how people and organizations in multiple cultures analyze, model and solve problems from a business perspective. Addresses ethical considerations in developing and solving problems. No statistics background is required. Sophomore standing. Pre: MATH 1025, (MATH 1225 or MATH 1525). (3H,3C)

2935-2936: CAREER PLANNING FOR CADETS 2935: Cadets in this class learn the basic of business networking, developing presentations, professional mentorship, personal finance, and investments, advanced nutrition and living a healthy lifestyle. A physical fitness laboratory complements the lecture. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,2L,2C)

2945-2946: SMALL UNIT LEADERSHIP FOR CADETS Prepares cadets for responsibilities as small unit leaders. Builds on the previous year’s knowledge to focus on skills and knowledge necessary to lead small units. Introduces cadets to the importance of communication, includes basic counseling techniques, disciplinary actions, conflict resolution, cadet regulations and leadership case studies. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,1C)

2954: BUSINESS STUDY ABROAD This course provides students with an international business experience. It is only offered as part of a program outside of the United States. Students will learn from the structured educational experience developed by the faculty leader. This course is intended for students who want to take management-related free electives. Pre: Instructor’s consent and the completion of 24 semester hours with a minimum GPA of 3.0 or departmental consent. Variable credit course.

2964: FIELD STUDY Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.

2984G: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.

3014: CAREER PLANNING STRATEGY FOR MANAGEMENT MAJORS Career success/satisfaction focus for Management Majors in the Pamplin College of Business. Behavior-based interviewing and assessment to identify behaviors that are critical to specific career roles. Mastery of these behaviors to improve search strategies and employment outcomes. Strategies for developing professional networks of individuals and organizations. Emphasizes progressive development of features profiles that help students differentiate themselves from competitors and position themselves for desired career options. Ethical pursuit of employment and negotiation of job offers. (3H,3C)

3064: CORNERSTONES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION Provides a cornerstone foundation for the understanding of entrepreneurship and the business innovation process exposing students to fundamental business concepts applied and integrated in these arenas. An examination of value creation through entrepreneurship and the rudiments of new ventures are provided helping students develop an entrepreneurial frame of mind and perspective. Pre: Completion of 45 credit hours and two CLE Area 5 courses. Pre: 2064. (3H,3C)

3074: SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP Provides a foundation for how social entrepreneurs use and combine resources to pursue opportunities that lead to social change and/or address social needs. An examination of the nature of social entrepreneurship and its various practices is provided, helping students develop an entrepreneurial frame of mind and prepare them to act as effective leaders of social change. (3H,3C)

3164: CURRENT TOPICS IN ENTREPRENEURSHIP Topics in the field of entrepreneurship such as: developing a venture-backed company through initial public offering (IPO); building a startup venture from scratch to founder exit; attracting, securing, and deploying capital for entrepreneurial growth; corporate entrepreneurship; or other topics of expertise related to entrepreneurship. Aspects centered around core themes of examining the ethics of entrepreneurial solutions, relating the topic to current events, and expanding communication skills through oral and written delivery of a report. Pre: 1064 or 1104 or 3064 or ACIS 2115. (3H,3C)

3304: MANAGEMENT THEORY AND LEADERSHIP PRACTICE This survey course introduces the student to a broad range of concepts, theories and practices important for a basic understanding of management. Topics also focus on the environment in which today’s managers must effectively operate. Pre: Sophomore standing. (3H,3C)

3314: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS The course provides a framework to show how a firm’s international business operations can be analyzed, understood, and managed, including discussion of cultural, social, political, and economic aspects of doing business abroad. The main learning experience in the course is oriented toward effective decision-making in the face of unique challenges faced by managers in the international business environment, with the goal of improving critical, analytical and creative thinking skills in international business operations. Junior Standing Required. (3H,3C)

3324: ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR This course examines the determinants and consequences of human behavior in formal organizations. Specific focus is on the individual, interpersonal, and group processes which underlie all the human dynamics. Co: 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

3334: MANAGING HUMAN RESOURCES Examines the strategies, policies, and practices associated with effectively managing human resources. Designed to provide future managers with tools and techniques to acquire, develop, reward, and retain employees within the legal and social context of today’s organizations. Emphasizes how managing human resources can contribute to organizational effectiveness in a variety of industrial and organizational settings. Pre: 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

3344: EMPLOYEE & LABOR RELATIONS Examines employee and labor relations policies and practices from a legal, behavioral, social, and economic viewpoint. Covers the content and application of labor and employment laws. A focus on skills and knowledge associated with responding to employee organizing, negotiating employment contracts, and resolving employment disputes in private and public organizations. Union and non-union work settings in the United States and selected other countries. Pre: 1064 or 1104. (3H,3C)

3404: PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Management concepts, theories, and practices for the effective and successful operation of modern organizations. Four functions of management and the activities involved in each function. Importance of ethical management practices in the effective operation of global business organizations, including entrepreneurial ventures. Individuals and group behaviors in the workplace, as well as methods to improve workplace performance.Duplicates some material in MGT 3304. Course credit will not be awarded for both MGT 3304 and MGT 3404. Pre: 1104 or 1064. (3H,3C)

3424: HUMAN RESOURCE STAFFING AND DEVELOPMENT Concentrates on the acquisition, deployment, and development of human resources within organizations. This course emphasizes the design and implementation of staffing, training, and development processes to achieve organizational objectives within social and economic constraints. Pre: 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

3444: MULTICULTURAL DIVERSITY IN ORGANIZATIONS Evaluates the impact of multicultural diversity on the employee’s work experience and on organizational processes/ performance. Students analyze and discuss theories and practices related to the business case for diversity, exploring the processes through which multicultural diversity (both domestic and international) affects the organization and its stakeholders. Topics include multicultural diversity theories, legislation, interpersonal and international differences, cultural intelligence, and organizational practices. Pre: Junior Standing. (3H,3C) (3H,3C)

3604: MANAGERIAL ANALYTICS Digital tools to analyze managerial data ranging from productivity data to large scale, organizational databases. Three themes: (1) analyzing and improving productivity using digital tools; (2) applying exploratory data tools; (3) improving organizational collaboration, analysis, and knowledge sharing using relational databases. Co: 3304 or 3404. Pre: ACIS 2504 or BIT 3424, BIT 2406. (3H,3C)

3614: STRATEGY AND COMPETITION ANALYTICS Develops concepts and techniques for analyzing and formulating strategy in a variety of business environments. Focuses on research, data, and analysis related to the key players in the environment from both a competitive and cooperative perspective. Basic frameworks for analysis include mapping the objectives and constraints of the players, and modeling the pattern of interaction among the players. Provides an in-depth exposure to the theory and tools of strategy analysis and practice in their management consulting application. Pre: ECON 2005, ACIS 2115, ACIS 2116, FIN 3104. Co: 3604. (3H,3C)

3754: MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIPS & CAREER DEVELOPMENT Guided experience in work environments and job search. Through unpaid internships, students have the opportunity to view the inner workings of businesses first hand while working on organizationally meaningful assignments. Class activities prepare students for conducting effective job searches. Pass/Fail only. Pre: 3304 or 3404. (1H,6L,3C)

3804: TOPICS FOR CADET GLOBAL LEADERSHIP STUDIES Analyzes historic and current leadership challenges using specific military campaigns for context. Covers national and military objectives and various instruments of national power in relation to national security. Travel to relevant country and battlefields for experiential learning. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of six (6) credit hours. (3H,3C)

3935-3936: ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR CADETS 3935: Cadets in this learn about the mentor-protege relationship; resolving team conflicts; diversity in the workplace; standards of business conduct, dining etiquette; and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. A physical fitness laboratory compliments the lecture. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,2L,2C)

3945-3946: CADET ORGANIZATIONAL LEADERSHIP Prepares junior class cadets for responsibilities as senior sergeants. Builds on the previous year’s knowledge of small unit leadership. Introduces cadets to decision making, writing decision papers/executive summaries, project management, public speaking, and refinement of their personal leadership philosophy. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,1C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD Variable credit course.

3964: FIELD STUDY Variable credit course.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.

4064: DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURES Takes a cross-functional perspective on identifying and evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities, developing new ventures, and pursuing new venture strategies to compete in the marketplace. Explores business potentials of new venture ideas, examines new venture’s feasibility, and develops business planning tools for the venture. Pre: Senior Standing. Pre: 3064, (BIT 3414, FIN 3104) or (BIT 3414, MGT 3304 or MGT 3404) or (BIT 3414, MKT G 3104 or MKTG 3104H) or (FIN 3104, MGT 3304 or MGT 3404) or (FIN 3104, MKTG 3104 or MKTG 3104H) or (MGT 3304 or MGT 3404, MKTG 3104 or MKTG 3104H). (3H,3C)

4084: MANAGEMENT CONSULTING Hands-on application of accounting, finance, marketing, management, information technology, and project management to actual business clients through on-site consultation with start-up and existing businesses and non-profits. Through classroom instruction, instructor coaching, and experiential studies, students will use the skills they have learned over several semesters to explore the field of management consulting. For the Management major with senior standing in the Management Consulting Option. Pre: 3304 or 3404, 3614. (3H,3C)

4094 (ENGE 4094) (IDS 4094): STARTUP: COMMERCIALIZATION OF INNOVATION Work in interdisciplinary teams in an experiential environment replicating modern innovation environments. Engage in real world innovation commercialization opportunities. Individual experiences and projects involving actual inventions, innovations, technologies, intellectual property (e.g. patents) and market opportunities. Integrate design thinking, scientists, entrepreneurs, advisors and other potential collaborators. Create a representation of a plan for a minimum viable product for an innovative product or service based on customer and market feedback. (3H,3C)

4314: INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT The course is designed to provide the student with familiarity concerning the unique problems, characteristics, and demands that face multinational managers and the international business community. Junior standing required. (3H,3C)

4324 (PHIL 4324): BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS An inquiry into the fundamental norms of conduct in business and other professions and their justification in relation to the most important ethical theories. Special attention will be given to moral problems such as the ethics of hiring and firing, bribery, and professional responsibility to society. (3H,3C)

4334: ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Focus on the leadership role of managers in promoting ethics and corporate social responsibility in business today. Consideration of the overall role of business in society and specific business-society issues such as equity and identity at work, environmental pollution, consumer and employee concerns, corporate-community relations, and the activities of multinational corporations. Issues examined through conceptual frameworks of business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and leadership (especially servant leadership). Emphasis placed on students articulating analysis of such issues through written and oral communication. Pre: 2354 or 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

4344: PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY LEADERSHIP This course provides an introduction to leadership in the context of productivity and quality improvement. It focuses on understanding the concepts and skills associated with contemporary management strategies and systems. This course requires active student involvement and emphasizes participative leadership skills, data collection, qualitative problem solving, and communication processes. For Management majors only. Senior standing required. Pre: 3304 or 3404, 3324, 3604, BIT 3414. (3H,3C)

4354: LEADERSHIP: ADVANCES IN SKILLS AND CONCEPTS This cornerstone course provides cutting-edge experiences, skills, and knowledge in leadership for students in the leadership minor. Within an historical context that balances military, political, and business perspectives, four types of leadership will be examined: self-leadership, dyadic leadership, team leadership, and enterprise leadership. Special emphasis will be placed on the specific skills, such as computer literacy and project management, required for leaders to succeed in modern, technologically oriented organizations. Pre: Senior standing. Pre: 2354 or 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

4394: STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Senior-level capstone course to formulate and implement strategies to create and sustain competitive advantage. Emphasis on developing pragmatic and action-oriented general management skills that integrate across functional areas of the organization. Utilize various tools, concepts, and analytical framework to define and analyze strategic problems. Revisits business principles and practices covered in basic business courses. Pre: Senior standing. Pre: 3304 or 3404, MKTG 3104 or MKTG 3104H, FIN 3104, BIT 3414. Co: FIN 3054. (3H,3C)

4414: COMPENSATION AND PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT This course provides the knowledge and skills required by managers to design and implement comprehensive compensation and performance management systems in public and private organizations. Topics include development of compensation strategy, internal pay structure, determination of pay level through wage surveys, evaluating job performance, rewarding individuals and groups, and administering employee benefits. Pre: 3304 or 3404. (3H,3C)

4854 (BIT 4854): ANALYTICS IN ACTION Problem-solving framework and analytic techniques for solving messy, unstructured, high-impact, real-world organizational/societal problems within an interdisciplinary, intercultural, experiential learning context. Definition of problem scope, objectives, need for change, ethical concerns, and diversity and inclusion issues; identification of stakeholders and their values; evaluation of decision tradeoffs; problem decomposition and hypothesis formulation; project planning and administration; data versus user requirements, ethical and inclusive decision making, data collection, preparation, and analysis; team roles and management; professional communication of insights, policy and action recommendations. Pre: CMDA 2014, BDS 2005. (3H,3C)

4935-4936: CADET CITIZEN LEADER PRACTICUM 4935:Students in the class learn practical strategies for leading teams to plan execute a project; project writing; applied dining etiquette; being a mentor to others, leadership through service learning and living a healthy lifestyle. A physical fitness laboratory compliments the lecture. Membership in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,2L,2C)

4944: LEADING IN YOUR PROFESSION Examines the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in a responsible role of leadership when beginning one’s career. It is a capstone course that draws on the leadership training and experience cadets have accumulated during their first three years in the Corps of Cadets. Senior standing in the Corps of Cadets required. Course may be taken twice for credit. The pre-requisite requirement is such that a student must take the pre-requisite twice before enrolling in this course. Pre: 2944. (1H,1C)

4945-4946: EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP FOR CADETS Examines executive level leadership. It explores executive decision making, constraint theory and problem solving in both the military and civilian career fields. Senior standing in the Corps of Cadets is required. (1H,1C)

4954: STUDY ABROAD Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH Honors section Variable credit course.