Liberal Arts and Human Sciences

Foreign Languages and Literatures

Overview

• The study of a foreign language opens the door to international understanding and the appreciation of foreign civilizations. The department gives all interested students of the university an opportunity to enroll in its courses:

• To major or minor in a language;
• To fulfill undergraduate language requirements;
• To obtain humanities credits on an elective basis;
• To prepare for careers in teaching, the Foreign Service, international organizations, government, business or industry;
• To satisfy graduate reading requirements;
• To prepare for a study abroad program.

• Students may not take for credit first- and second-year language courses below the level of a class previously passed.
• Majors are offered in French, German, Spanish, and Classical Studies, and a Russian Area Studies major is available, under the Interdisciplinary Studies Program. Minors are given in Classical languages, Latin, and Russian. The department also sponsors instruction in alternative formats in a variety of other languages, such as Arabic, Chinese, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the core curriculum of the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, the foreign language major must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above in a single foreign language, according to the following requirements in the individual foreign languages.
• A minimum grade of C (2.0) must be earned by foreign language majors and minors in all courses required for the major or minor.

Classical Studies Major

• To complete the interdisciplinary major in Classical Studies a student must complete 36 hours, 18 in Classical Studies (Humanities, History, Art & Art History, Mythology, Literature, Culture, Religion, etc.) and 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin). For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website, Coordinator Terry L. Papillon (231-8319, terry.papillon@vt.edu), or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Classical Studies Minor

• To obtain an interdisciplinary minor in Classical Studies a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Studies. For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website, Coordinator Terry L. Papillon (231-8319, terry.papillon@vt.edu), or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Classical Languages Minor

• To obtain a minor in Classical Languages a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin). For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website, Coordinator Terry L. Papillon (231-8319, terry.papillon@vt.edu), or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

European Area Studies Concentration (EUAS)

• The EUAS concentration constitutes an 18-hour minor within the present IDST major, which requires a student to have three 18-hour minors to complete the major. This minor is interdisciplinary, offering courses in history, the cultures of France, Germany, and Spain, art, religion, economics, international studies/communications, political science, and sociology. It is designed to draw together the diffuse lines of study connected with European culture and civilization so that students will be able to better appreciate their place in a quickly changing modern world. Students may contact either the Center for Interdisicplinary Studies or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures for advising and specific information. Concentration Coordinator: P.A. Mellen.

Latin American Studies Concentration (LAAS)

• The LAAS concentration constitutes an 18-hour minor within the existing IDST program. The LAAS concentration is interdisciplinary, offering courses in history, civilization, culture and literature, economics, political science, urban affairs and planning, geography, and international studies. A combination of six courses from the areas of history, culture, and development form the concentration. The LAAS concentration may be combined with a minor in Spanish and another approved 18-hour concentration to form a major in IDST. Students pursuing this degree will be enrolled as majors in the IDST program. Requirements for the concentration can be obtained from the offices of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures.
• Concentration Coordinator: A. A. Fernández-Vázquez, Language Majors

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Language Majors/Minors

French Major

• To complete a major in French, a student must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above, including the following required courses: 3105, 3106, *3126, 3205, 3206, **3304, 3305, 3306, 4154, and six hours of ***4314.

* Students may be exempted from French 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination, in which case no credit is granted and three additional hours of advanced elective course work in French may be necessary to complete the required 30 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 30 required for the major.
** Although 3304 is a prerequisite for 3305 and 3306, it may be waived in some instances. Contact section coordinator for details.
***French 4314 is a variable content three-credit course which may be repeated for credit. When appropriate, depending on the topic, students may petition the department for consent to use French 4324 to satisfy three hours of the six hour 4000-level French literature requirement.

• Except with consent in special cases, the 30 hours must be in French courses exclusive of 2964: Field Study; 2984: Special Study; 4964: Field Study; 4974: Independent Study; 4984: Special Study; 4994: Undergraduate Research.

French Minor

• To obtain a minor in French, a student must complete 18 hours in French at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3205 or 3206, 3304 or 3305 or 3306. In some instances, French 3104 may count toward the minor. See French section coordinator.

German Major

• To complete a major in German, a student must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above, including the following required courses: 3105, 3106, *3126, 3204, 3305, 3306, 4154, and six hours of **4000-level literature.

* Students may be exempted from German 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination, in which case no credit is granted and three additional hours of advanced elective course work in German will be necessary to complete the required 30 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve A8e level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 30 required for the major.
** GER 4xxx includes 4304 and any of the variable-content 4000-level German literature courses which may be repeated for credit. When appropriate, depending on the topic, students may petition the department for consent to use German 4334 to satisfy three hours of the six hour 4000-level German literature requirement.
Except with consent in special cases, the 30 hours must be in German courses exclusive of 2724: Introduction to German Culture and Civilization; 2964: Field Study; 2984: Special Study; 4964: Field Study; 4974: Independent Study; 4984: Special Study; and 4994: Undergraduate Research.

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German Minor

• To obtain a minor in German, a student must complete 18 hours in German at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3204, and 3305 or 3306, exclusive of 2724.

Latin Minor

• To obtain a minor in Latin, a student must complete 18 hours of course work in Latin, including 6 hours at the 3000 level or above.

Russian Area Studies Degree Option

• Although the department does not offer a Russian major, students can utilize the existing resources of the university to pursue an interdisciplinary IDST (B.A.) degree program in Russian Area Studies. The program provides interested students with sufficient background in Russian language, culture, and area studies to pursue careers in diplomacy, international business, journalism, government service or to continue their Russian studies in graduate school. The program aims at developing competence in a single discipline and in the Russian language while providing a broad background in Russian area studies. The program complements but does not duplicate the existing major in International Studies.
• An 18-hour minor in Russian Studies is offered as part of the IDST Program. This concentration includes courses drawn from Humanities, Foreign Languages, English, Political Science, and History. Requirements for the concentration can be obtained from the CIS or Foreign Languages and Literatures office.
• Concentration Coordinator: Amy Nelson (History).

Russian Minor

• To obtain a minor in Russian, a student must complete 18 hours in Russian at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, and any additional 6 hours of Russian language courses at the 3000-level or above.

Spanish Major

• To complete a major in Spanish, a student must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above, including the following required courses: 3105, 3106, *3126, 3414 (prior 3204), 3444 (prior 3214), 3304, 3404 (prior 3314), 3454 (prior 3324), and six hours of **4000-level literature.

* Students may be exempted from Spanish 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination, in which case no credit is granted and three additional hours of advanced elective course work in Spanish will be necessary to complete the required 30 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 30 required for the major.
** At the 4000 level, students are required to do a minimum of three hours of Spanish literature course work. When appropriate, depending on the topic, students may petition the department for consent to use Spanish 4334 to satisfy the three-hour literature requirement. Any regular three-credit 4000-level course may be taken to complete the required total of six credits at this level.
Except with consent in special cases, the 30 hours must be in Spanish courses exclusive of 2964: Field Study; 2984: Special Study; 4964: Field Study; 4974: Independent Study; 4984: Special Study; 4994: Undergraduate Research.

Spanish Minor

• To obtain a minor in Spanish, a student must complete 18 hours at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3204, 3304, and one of the following: 3214, 3314 or 3324.

Restrictions

• Courses that do not count toward the major or minor (in addition to 1000- and 2000-level language courses for majors and 1000-level language courses for minors), with the exception of Latin, include: Classics 2444, Classics 2454, French 2714, French 2964, French 2984, French 3195-3196, French 3404, French 4964, French 4974, French 4984, French 4994, German 2724, German 2964, German 2984, German 3195-3196, German 3414, German 4964, German 4974, German 4984, German 4994, Latin 2964, Latin 4964, Latin 4974, Latin 4994, Russian 2734, Russian 2964, Russian 2984, Russian 3424, Russian 4964, Russian 4974, Russian 4984, Russian 4994, Spanish 2744, Spanish 2754, Spanish 2964, Spanish 2984, Spanish 3434, Spanish 4964, Spanish 4974, Spanish 4984, Spanish 4994.
• Questions about courses numbered 4964, 4974, 4984, and 4994 should be addressed to the department head. No more than six hours of 4964 (Field Study) may be taken.
• Courses designated 3195-3196 do not satisfy the undergraduate core curriculum foreign language requirement for the university or the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences.
• Courses designated Fr. 3954, Ger. 3954, and Span 3954 (Study Abroad) may carry major credit only if the student is eligible to pursue courses above the second-year level; otherwise credits will be assigned at the first and second-year level as appropriate in each individual case.
• In addition to its formal courses, the department offers informal extracurricular activities, such as conversation groups, language tables, and language clubs, all of which are open to the university community.

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Independent Study

• The minimum averages for independent study in the Department of Foreign Languages are 3.3 in 3000- and 4000-level courses in the language of the independent study; and at least 2.5 overall and no lower than 3.0 in all course work done after the freshman year. Students wishing to enroll in courses designated 4974 (Independent Study) must receive permission from the department head in the term prior to enrollment. No more than eight hours of independent study and/or undergraduate research combined may be counted toward a degree.

Teaching Certification

• Those majors who are preparing to teach a foreign language in the public schools should consult the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences and plan a leading to the Collegiate Professional Certificate upon graduation.

Study Abroad

• The department encourages students to work and/or study abroad. Information relating to work and/or study abroad programs is available from the department office and from the office of International Programs in the 134 Burruss Hall.
• The department offers programs of study in the summer in Paris, France; Madrid, Spain; Moscow, Russia; and semester- or year-long exchange programs in Quito, Ecuador, and Xalapa, Mexico.

Satisfactory Progress

• University policy requires that students who are making satisfactory progress toward a degree meet minimum criteria toward the University Core (see "Academics" in this catalog), toward the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences core (see first part of this chapter), and toward the degrees in French, German, and Spanish.

B.A. in French

• Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in French requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, freshman rule), students must have completed:

FR 3105: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	3
FR 3304: Introduction to French Literature	3
Credits	(6)

1. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and have completed:

FR 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
FR 3205: French Culture and Civilization or Fr 3206: French Culture and Civilization	3
FR 3304: Introduction to French Literature	3
FR 3305, 3306: Survey of French Literature	6
Credits	(18)

B.A. in German

• Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in German requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, freshman rule), students must have completed:

GER 3105: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	3
GER 3204: Culture of German-Speaking Countries (If not offered in senior year)	3
GER 4154: Advanced Composition and Stylistics (If not offered in senior year)	3
Total Credits	(9)

2. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and must have completed:

GER 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
GER 3204: Culture of German-Speaking Countries (If not offered in senior year)	3
GER 3305, 3306: Survey of German Literature	6
GER 4154: Advanced Composition and Stylistics (If not offered in senior year)	3
Credits	(18)

B.A. in Spanish

• Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in Spanish requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, freshman rule), students must have completed:

SPAN 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
SPAN 3204: Spanish Civilization and Culture or SPAN 3214: Spanish-American Civ. and Culture	3
SPAN 3304: Introduction to Hispanic Literature	3
Credits	(12)

2. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and must have completed:

SPAN 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
SPAN 3204: Spanish Civilization and Culture or SPAN 3214: Spanish-American Civ. and Culture	3
SPAN 3304: Introduction to Hispanic Literature	3
SPAN 3314: Survey of Peninsular Literature	3
Credits	(15)

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Undergraduate Courses (FL)

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4104 (MGT 4104): GLOBAL CULTURE
This course will examine problems of cultural differences using an interdisciplinary approach combining Business Studies with Cultural Studies in the humanities and social sciences. It will address issues related to living and working with people from other countries or cultures, whether domestically or abroad. It will also explore the impact of globalization on various aspects of culture. Junior standing required. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Chinese Undergraduate Courses (CHN)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE CHINESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Mandarin Chinese, communication in Chinese; study of some literature and culture of the Chinese people. 2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Classics Undergraduate Courses (CLA)

2454 (ENGL 2454) (HUM 2454): ANCIENT GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
A variable content course devoted to the study of major works of Ancient Greek and Latin literature in English translation. May be repeated for credit with different content. In English. No knowledge of Ancient Greek or Latin required. Not for credit toward a Latin Minor. (3H,3C) I,II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. II.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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French Undergraduate Courses (FR)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE FRENCH
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken French, communication in French, literature, and culture of French-speaking world. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2714 (HUM 2714): INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
French culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, architecture, and theatre in the context of French cultural history. In English. (2H,3C) I.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3104: COMMERCIAL FRENCH
Fundamentals of French commercial and business vocabulary and practice. Letter writing, forms, and usages in trade and finance. Taught alternate years. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Progressive and comprehensive review of French syntax and morphology. Practice in written and oral expression in French on a variety of topics in French culture. Conducted in French. X-grade allowed. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: FRENCH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken French. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S -1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the ACTFL-OPI or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. X-grade allowed. (3H,3C) I,II.

3164: ADVANCED BUSINESS FRENCH
In this skills-based course, students learn to use appropriate French technical vocabulary for different business contexts, do translation, write professional correspondence, and read articles related to the worlds of business, economics, and finance. Cross-cultural differences regarding the work place are also a focus of the course. Pre: 2106 or 2164. (3H,3C)

3195-3196: FRENCH FOR READING KNOWLEDGE
3195: Fundamentals of grammar with emphasis on idiomatic patterns and translation technique; 3196: Continues presentation of grammar with increasing emphasis on directed translation of material chosen from the student's major field of interest. Primarily for graduate students. Partially duplicates 1105-1106. Does not satisfy the Arts and Sciences core curriculum foreign language requirement. Taught alternate years. (2H,2C) I,II,III,IV.

3205,3206: FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
3205: Patterns of French life and culture in the context of social, intellectual, and institutional changes from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. 3206: From the French Revolution to the present with an introduction to other francophone parts of the world. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) 3205: I,II.; 3206: I,II.

3304: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH LITERATURE
Introduction to French literature through analysis and discussion of selected texts from different periods and genres. Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. Intensive writing component. X-grade allowed. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3305,3306: SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE
Readings in French literature from the Middle Ages to the present to acquaint students with literary techniques and contexts. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3314: INTRODUCTION TO FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
Introduction to the literatures and cultures of French- speaking countries outside of France including North Africa, the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Quebec. Examination of thematic and cultural aspects of literatures of these regions within their socio-historical contexts; explorations of such notions as postcolonialism, identity, race, and nation as they relate to the legacy of colonial France. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3304. (3H,3C)

3404 (ENGL 3404): FRENCH LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Variable content course devoted to the study of major writers or periods of French literature. May be repeated with different content. May not be taken for credit toward One 2000 level English literature course required. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) II.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive work in written French. Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate French in a variety of modes (e.g., epistolary style, the formal and informal essay). Writing intensive, taught alternate years. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C) I.

4164: SPECIAL TOPICS IN BUSINESS FRENCH
A variable content course devoted to developing and perfecting highly advanced language skills through the study of special topics in the French and francophone business worlds. Emphasis on a mastery of specialized French for professional settings. May be repeated indefinitely for credit with different content. Pre: 3106, 3164. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French literature, such as an author, a group of authors, a literary movement or genre during a specific period of French literary history (i.e., Voltaire, the Pleiade, Romanticism, the nouveau roman). May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3305, 3306. (3H,3C) I,II.

4324: SPECIAL TOPICS IN FRENCH LIFE, LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French culture or language as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., such as phonetics, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in French. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: (3105, 3106) or (3205, 3206). (3H,3C) I,II.

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN FRENCH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level French course, senior standing, French major, and consent of French Section required. (1H,1C) I, II.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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German Undergraduate Courses (GER)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2724 (HUM 2724): INTRODUCTION TO GERMAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
German culture and civilization from the earliest period to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, architecture, music, and theatre in the context of German cultural history. In English. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) I.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3104: COMMERCIAL GERMAN
Development and application of written and oral German needed for commercial transactions: reading of business letters and journals; composition of business correspondence; participation in business meetings; business etiquette in German-speaking countries. Taught alternate years. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) II.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Progressive and comprehensive review of German syntax and morphology. Practice in written and oral expression in German on a variety of topics in German culture. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: GERMAN ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken German. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C) I,II.

3195-3196: GERMAN FOR READING KNOWLEDGE
3195: Fundamentals of grammar with emphasis on idiomatic patterns and translation technique; 3196: Continues presentation of grammar with increasing emphasis on directed translation of material chosen from the student's major field of interest. Primarily for graduate students. Partially duplicates 1105-1106. Does not satisfy the Arts and Sciences core curriculum foreign language requirement. Taught alternate years. (2H,2C) I,II,III,IV.

3204: CULTURE OF THE GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Study of German, Austrian, and Swiss culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present, including literature, art, architecture, film, and music. Taught alternate years. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3304: INTRODUCTION TO GERMAN LITERATURE
Introduction to German literature through analysis and discussion of selected texts from different periods and genres. Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. Intensive writing component. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I.

3305,3306: SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE
3305: Readings in major works of German literature from the late Middle Ages to the end of Classicism. 3306: Readings in major works of German literature from Romanticism to the end of World War II. Pre: . (3H,3C) I,II.

3414 (ENGL 3414): GERMAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
A variable content course devoted to the study of major German literary works in English translation. May be repeated with different content. May not be taken for credit toward a major or minor in a foreign language. No knowledge of German required. In English. One 2000- level English literature course required. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive advanced work in written German. Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate German in a variety of modes. Style analysis. Writing intensive, taught alternate years. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C) II.

4304: AGE OF GOETHE
Major writers of the age of Goethe: Goethe, Schiller, and Holderlin; the development of German Classicism. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C) I.

4314: STUDIES IN 19TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
Variable content course devoted to the study of 19th century drama, lyric, and prose. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C) I.

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of major literary works of the 20th-century. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C) II.

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN GERMAN LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Variable content course devoted to the study of various aspects of German culture, literature, and language. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C) I.

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN GERMAN STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. May be taken twice for credit with different content. PRE: one 4000-level German course, major with senior standing, and consent required. (1H,1C) I,II.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Ancient Greek Undergraduate Courses (GR)

2104 (REL 2104): GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
Readings from the New Testament in Greek, with attention to grammatical analysis, historical background and other clues to interpretation. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I.

2114: READINGS IN CLASSICAL GREEK LITERATURE
Study of several major writers of ancient Greek literature in the original. Selections from epic poetry, tragedies, philosophical dialogues, history and oratory. Taught alternate years. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Hebrew Undergraduate Courses (HEB)

1114 (JUD 1114): ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY HEBREW LANGUAGE
Complementary introduction to the fundamentals of Modern Hebrew language with continued emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. This course is for students who have completed 1104 or with permission of the instructor. 1114 is a four-credit course with a self-instruction component that demands student time outside of the class. 1104. (3H,2L,4C) II.

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Italian Undergraduate Courses (ITAL)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE ITALIAN
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Italian, communication in Italian, literature, and culture of Italy. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Japanese Undergraduate Courses (JPN)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Japanese, communication in Japanese; study of some literature and culture of the Japanese people. 2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. I,II,III,IV,V.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Latin Undergraduate Courses (LAT)

2104: CICERO AND LIVY
A course in the two major Latin prose authors. Review and refinement of grammar is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic, and literary questions. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: LATIN EPIC: VERGIL AND OVID
A course in two important Latin poets of the Age of Augustus with a view to increasing the students ability to understand and translate Latin. Review and refinement of grammar is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) II.

2124: LATIN LYRIC: CATULLUS AND HORACE
Two of the most important Latin poets of the Late Republic. Review and refinement of grammar is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C) I.

2134: LATE MEDIEVAL LATIN
Post-classical Latin, from Augustine and Boethius through the Middle Ages. Review and refinement of grammar is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic, and literary questions. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C) II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3004: READINGS IN LATIN LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of major Latin texts not offered in the 2000-level courses. Emphasis is on content, style, and context. May be repeated for credit with different content. Two 2000-level courses in Latin or equivalent proficiency required. (3H,3C) I.

4004: DIRECTED STUDIES IN LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION
Application of Latin grammar structure to the translation of English into Latin. Original compositions are written in Latin. (Will be offered during the academic year whenever there is sufficient enrollment and available staffing). One 3000-level course in Latin required. (3H,3C) IV.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Portuguese Undergraduate Course (PORT)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Russian Undergraduate Courses (RUS)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN
Grammar, reading, conversation, and composition. Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Russian. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2734 (HUM 2734): INTRODUCTION TO RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Russian culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to Russian literature, art, architecture, music, film, and theatre in the context of Russian cultural history. In English. Taught alternate years. (2H,3C) II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Detailed study of grammar. Practice in written and oral expression in Russian on a variety of topics. Supplementary readings to emphasize application of grammatical principles. 3105 includes a rapid grammatical review. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3124: RUSSIAN FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
Devoted to the acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Russian. Content-based instruction in small groups. For students who would like to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. Admission by oral exam required. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C) I.

3424 (ENGL 3424): RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Variable-content course devoted to the study of Russian literary classics. Readings and lectures in English. Topics will range from general surveys of 19th century or 20th century Russian literature to more intensive study of the works of a single major author like Tolstoy or Dostoevsky. May be repeated with different content. No knowledge of Russian required. In English. One 2000-level English literature course required. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) II.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4204: TOPICS IN RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Specific topics in Russian culture and civilization. Variable content. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C) I.

4304: STUDIES IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Selected masterpieces of Russian literature, read in original. Lectures and discussions in Russian. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C) II.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Spanish Undergraduate Courses (SPAN)

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY SPANISH
Condenses SPAN 1105 and 1106. Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary Spanish, designed for learners with some prior experience in the language or for those who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Supplemented with a self-instructional electronic component. Meets University and college foreign language requirement. SPAN 1114 duplicates SPAN 1106. (3H,2L,4C) I,II.

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE SPANISH
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2114: SPANISH FOR AGRICULTURE AND RELATED FIELDS
Vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and agricultural terminology at the intermediate level. Cultural idiosyncrasies and customs of rural Spanish America. For students with career interests in agriculture, food production, nutrition, veterinary medicine, or rural development. Particularly suited for students following the Agriculture-Home Economics-Foreign Language option in International Studies. May substitute for SPAN 2106 but may not duplicate it for credit. Taught alternate years. Pre: 2105. (3H,3C) II.

2744 (HUM 2744): INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Introduction to Spanish culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present. Interdisciplinary approach combining the study of literature, the arts, architecture, music, theatre, and film in the context of Spanish cultural history. In English. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) II.

2754 (HUM 2754): INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Spanish-American culture and civilization from the discovery of the New World to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, architecture, music, and theatre in the context of Spanish-American cultural history. In English. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3104: COMMERCIAL SPANISH
Vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, business letters, and customs common to the Spanish-speaking commercial milieu. For students who would like to apply their language knowledge to careers in the business world. Taught alternate years. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) II.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Practice in communication skills in Spanish both orally and in writing, including review of grammar, directed composition, and conversation, with an emphasis on pronunciation and oral expressions. Not recommended for native speakers of Spanish. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: SPANISH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Spanish. Content-based instruction in small groups. 3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C) 3125: I,II; 3126: scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. I, II.

3304: INTRODUCTION TO HISPANIC LITERATURE
Introduction to Hispanic literature through analysis and discussion of selected major texts from Spain and Spanish America. Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C) II.

SPAN 3404: EARLY PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course examines Spain’s construction of a cohesive national identity as it comes together to form a nation and to become a leading world empire. Exploring the development of Spain from pre-history to the end of the Golden Age in 1700, the class engages diverse literary and cultural texts in dialogue with the key historical and political events of their period in order to provide a greater appreciation of how various cultural media interact with one another in the construction of an overall national identity. Pre: 3304 (3H, 3C)

SPAN 3414: MODERN PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course examines Spain’s efforts to reconstruct itself in the years following the waning of its imperial power. Exploring the development of Spanish identity from 1700 to the present, the class examines diverse literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created. The course treats canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both “high” and “popular” culture, and includes narrative, poetry, theatre, film, art, and architecture. Pre: 3304 (3H, 3C)

3434 (ENGL 3434): HISPANIC LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Variable content course devoted to the study of major works of Spanish and Spanish-American literature in translation. May be repeated with different content. May not be taken for credit toward a major or minor in Spanish. No knowledge of Spanish required. In English. One 2000-level English literature course required. Taught alternate years. (3H,3C) II.

SPAN 3444: EARLY SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course traces the cultural development of Spanish America from the pre-Hispanic era to Independence from Spain in the 19th century. Key literary and cultural texts are examined within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created. The course includes historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, art, architecture, and music. Pre: 3304 (3H, 3C)

SPAN 3454: MODERN SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course combines Spanish-American civilization, culture, and literature from the 19th century period of Independence to the present. Key literary and cultural texts are examined within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created. The course treats canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both “high” and “popular” culture, and includes historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music. Pre: 3304 (3H, 3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4104: ADVANCED GRAMMAR AND STYLE
Analysis of and practice with advanced grammatical and stylistic concepts, including idiomatic and colloquial usage. Intended to help advanced students achieve high levels of proficiency in writing and speaking Spanish. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C) II.

4114: TOPICS IN SPANISH LINGUISTICS
Variable content course that surveys linguistic concepts and methods as related to the Spanish language. Topics may include the study of the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Spanish; the pedagogical application of these language systems; the psychological and social context of language; and the development of Spanish from its origins to its modern form. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C) I.

4124: SPANISH TRANSLATION: THEORY AND TECHNIQUE
Introduction to translation theories and application of these theories to different types of texts, including literature, business correspondence, commercial advertising, and legal documents. Includes translation from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English, as well as a thorough review of Spanish grammar and idiomatic language. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4304: STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL AND GOLDEN AGE LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the Middle Ages and of the Golden Age. The texts selected are studied not only for their aesthetic value but also for their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Pre: 3314. (3H,3C) I.

4314: STUDIES IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. The texts selected are studied not only for their aesthetic value but also in terms of their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3314 or 3324. (3H,3C) I.

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 20th century. Texts are selected not only for their aesthetic value but also in terms of their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3314 or 3324. (3H,3C) II.

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISPANIC LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Broad central themes of Hispanic culture as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., or in language, such as the history of the Spanish language, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in Spanish. Historical and/or national boundaries are crossed whenever the nature of the topic permits. May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. Pre: 3314 or 3324. (3H,3C) II.

4344: SPANISH-AMERICAN LITERATURE AND THE REPRESENTATION OF HISTORY
This is a variable content course that allows students to explore different geographical regions of Spanish America and the ways that authors have used literature to preserve, recreate, revise, subvert, and even contradict their countries' official history. All discussion conducted in Spanish. May be repeated for credit up to three times with different content. Pre: minimum oral proficiency of "Advanced" on the ACTFL scale; at least one prior 4000-level course in Hispanic literature, or consent. (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN SPANISH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level Spanish course required. Restricted to Seniors. Restricted to Spanish majors. Consent of Spanish Section required. (1H,1C) I,II,III,IV.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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