College of Engineering

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Overview

Almost every effort that uses technology and science to make the world a better place relies on electrical and computer engineers (ECEs). Biologists studying life at the atomic level need ECEs to develop the measurement systems that do not harm fragile cells, sensors that detect and communicate behavior, and processors to understand all the data collected. Doctors rely on ECEs to develop ever-improving medical imaging. Efforts to monitor water pollution use underwater robots, sensors, and control systems developed by ECEs. Art and entertainment are continually enhanced by ECEs who create new ways to listen to music, play games, or communicate with friends. And the possibilities keep growing.

Electrical and computer engineers contribute to so many different efforts by harnessing energy – such as light, sound, electricity and electromagnetic fields – and information (data, modeling, simulation, algorithms, control). Armed with a degree in electrical or computer engineering, Virginia Tech graduates make a difference every day by developing systems that are more energy efficient, less expensive, and easier to use – and by developing methods to solve the problems of the future.

ECE students in the Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering learn from faculty who create new methods and technology and bring the excitement of their discoveries to the classroom. Engineers want to make things that work and ECE students get hands-on opportunities to build systems from the very beginning of their studies. In the freshman year, students start exploring the applications of electrical and computer engineering, such as medical imaging and cryptography. In the sophomore year, they use personal, portable equipment and components to build and explore simple systems, which become more complex each semester. Laboratories and team projects throughout the curriculum contribute to a solid hands-on experience.

Since ECE is one of the most dynamic and fastest changing fields in engineering, the faculty has crafted a program of study that provides each graduate with a firm foundation in the mathematical and physical basics and a broad experience of many areas of ECE. This enables our graduates to excel in their specialties, while gaining the tools to adapt to the technical and career changes they will face in the future. ECE students also develop the skills to communicate with other engineers and non-engineers.

Undergraduate students can enhance their education by participating in multidisciplinary projects, internships, research, study abroad, and mentorship progams. The Cooperative Education Program (co-op), which alternates semesters of study and professional employment, is recommended, as is participation in ECE professional societies, including the IEEE and the ACM. ECE offers a number of scholarships for academic excellence and leadership, as well as participation in special academic programs, such as a minor in microelectronics and a power electronics option.

ECE offers bachelor of science degrees in electrical engineering (EE) and computer engineering (CPE). The difference is one of emphasis. EEs concentrate more on physical processes and design in communications, power, systems and controls, electronics, electromagnetics, and computing. Computer engineering emphasizes the development of computer hardware and software systems, such as networks, embedded systems, automation, and machine intelligence. A 5-year B.S./M.S. program and M.S. and Ph.D. programs are available.

Computer Engineering Program (CPE)

This program applies to students graduating in 2009

Total credits to graduate: 131 (see comments below)

First Year
First Semester
ENGE 1024: Engineering Exploration	2
CHEM 1035: General Chem	3
CHEM 1045: General Chem Lab	1
ENGL 1105: Freshman English	3
MATH 1114: Linear Algebra	2
MATH 1205: Calculus I	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 6)	1
Credits	15
Second Semester
ENGE 1104: Eng Digital Future	2
ECE 1574: Engineering Problem Solving with C++	3
ENGL 1106: Freshman English	3
MATH 1224: Vector Geometry	2
MATH 1206: Calculus II	3
PHYS 2305: Found Physics with Lab	4
Credits	17
Second Year
First Semester
ECE 2014: Engineering Professionalism2	2
ECE 2504: Intro to Computer Engineering	3
ECE 2574: Intro to Data Structures and Software Engineering	3
MATH 2214: Differential Equations	3
PHYS 2306: Foundations of Physics II/Lab	4
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 2)	3
Credits	18
Second Semester
ECE 3534: Microprocessor System Design	4
ECE 2524: Introduction to UNIX	2
ECE 2004: Circuit Analysis	3
ECE 2074: Electric Circuit Analysis Lab	1
MATH 2224: Multivariable Calculus	3
MATH 2534: Discrete Math	3
Credits	16
Third Year
First Semester
ECE 3574: Software Engineering	3
ECE 2204: Electronics I	3
ECE 2274: Electronics Networks Lab I	1
ECE 2704: Signals and Systems	3
ECE 3504: Digital Design	4
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 2)	3
Credits	17
Second Semester
CPE Technical Elective1	3
CPE Technical Elective1	3
ECE 2500: Computer Organization & Architecture	3
ISE 2014: Engineering Economy	2
STAT 4714: Probability/Statistics for Engineers	3
ENGL 3764: Technical Writing8	3
Credits	17
Fourth Year
First Semester
ECE 4534: Embedded Systems	4
CPE Design Technical Elective3	3
CPE Technical Elective1	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 3)	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 7)	3
Credits	13
Second Semester
CPE Design Elective3	3
CPE Technical Elective1	3
Engineering and Science Elective4	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 3)	3
Free Elective	3
Credits	15

Electrical Engineering Program (EE)

This program applies to students graduating in 2010
Total credits to graduate - 132 (see comments below

First Year
First Semester
ENGE 1024: Engineering Exploration	2
CHEM 1035: General Chem	3
CHEM 1045: General Chem Lab	1
ENGL 1105: Freshman English	3
MATH 1114: Linear Algebra	2
MATH 1205: Calculus I	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 6)	1
Credits	15
Second Semester
ENGE 1104: Eng Digital Future	2
ECE 1574: Engineering Problem Solving with C++	3
PHYS 2305: Found Physics with Lab	4
ENGL 1106: Freshman English	3
MATH 1224: Vector Geometry	2
MATH 1206: Calculus II	3
Credits	17
Second Year
First Semester
ECE 2014: Engineering Professionalism2	2
ECE 2004: Network Analysis	3
ECE 2074: Electric Circuit Analysis Lab	1
ECE 2504: Intro to Computer Engineering	3
MATH 2214: Differential Equations	3
PHYS 2306: Foundations of Physics II/Lab	4
Credits	16
Second Semester
ECE 2704: Signals and Systems	3
ECE 2204: Electronics I	3
ECE 2274: Electronics Networks Lab I	1
ECE 3534: Microprocessor System Design	4
MATH 2224: Multivariable Calculus	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 2)	3
Credits	17
Third Year
First Semester
ECE 3105: Electromagnetic Fields	3
ECE 3004: AC Circuit Analysis	3
ECE 3004: AC Circuit Analysis Lab	1
ECE 3204: Analog Electronics	3
ECE 3274: Electronics Lab	1
STAT 4714: Probability/Statistics for Engineers	3
ENGL 3764: Technical Writing8	3
Credits	17
Second Semester
ECE 3106: Electromagnetic Fields	3
ECE 3304: Introduction to Power Systems	3
ECE 3354: Power Lab	1
ECE 3704: Continuous/Discrete Systems	3
ECE 3614: Introduction to Communication Systems	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 3)	3
Credits	16
Fourth Year
First Semester
EE Technical Elective7	3
EE Capstone Elective6	3
Engineering & Science Elective4	3
ISE 2014: Engineering Economics	2
Math Elective5	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 7)	3
Credits	17
Second Semester
EE Technical Elective7	3
EE Technical Elective7	3
EE Technical Elective7	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 3)	3
Curriculum for Liberal Education (Recommended Area 2)	3
Free Elective	2
Credits	17

Comments

1. Curriculum for Liberal Education Area 6 one-credit requirement recommended in Engineering Education first year, first semester.
2. Students interested in pursuing professional registration are encouraged to consult with advisors early in their program to permit proper course selection for maximum preparation.
3. A C- or better grade must be attained in core ECE prerequisite courses, including ECE 1574, before proceeding into the next course.

Notes:

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (ECE)

1574: OBJECT-ORIENTED ENGINEERING PROBLEM SOLVING WITH C++
Problem solving techniques for engineering problems, primarily from the fields of electrical and computer engineering; procedural and object-oriented program development, editing, compiling, linking, and debugging using the C++ programming language. Must have C- or better in the prerequisites. I,II. Pre: ENGE 1024, (MATH 1205 or MATH 1205H). (2H,2L,3C).

2004: ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Introduction to the basic laws and techniques for the analysis of electric circuits. Calculation of the response of circuits with resistors, independent sources, controlled sources, and operational amplifiers. The transient analysis of basic circuits with R, L, and C components. An introduction to AC analysis and phasors. Requires a C- or better in ENGE 1104 or 1204. Pre: ENGE 1104 or ENGE 1204. Co: MATH 2214, MATH 2074. (3H,3C).

2004H: HONORS ELEC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Pre: ENGE 1016. Co: MATH 2214. (3H,3C).

2014: ENGINEERING PROFESSIONALISM IN ECE
Overview of the nature and scope of the electrical and computer engineering profession. Working in a diverse team environment; professional and ethical responsibility; the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context; contemporary issues; and life-long learning. Sophomore standing required. (2H,2C).

2074: ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LABORATORY
Construction, analysis, and characterization of circuits with student-owned Lab-in-a-Box system. Experiments include: characterization of breadboard backplane wiring; component tolerances; Ohm's law; Kirchoff's laws; series and parallel resistors; voltage and current dividers; delta-wye configurations; mesh-current and node-voltage analysis; superposition and Thevenin equivalents; inverting and non-inverting amplifier circuits; series RC and RL circuits; discharging LEDs and integrator and differentiator circuits. Introductory design experiments include a simple voltmeter and a flashing traffic arrow. Must have a C- or better in ENGE 1104 or 1204. Pre: ENGE 1104 or ENGE 1204. Co: 2004, MATH 2214. (3L,1C).

2204: ELECTRONICS
Introduction to basic electronic devices including diodes and transistors and their operating principles. Analysis of electronic circuits operating under dc bias and switching conditions. Applications of devices in digital electronic circuits. Pre: 2004. Co: 2274. (3H,3C).

2204H: HONORS ELECTRONICS
Pre: 2004. Co: 2274. (3H,3C).

2274: ELECTRONIC NETWORKS LABORATORY I
Principles of operation of electrical and electronic test equipment and applications to measurement of circuit parameters. Transient and steady state response of RLC networks. Applications of laws and theories of circuits. Design, prototyping, and testing of electronic devices and circuits. I,II,IV. Pre: 2074. Co: 2204. (3L,1C).

2500: COMPUTER ORGANIZATION AND ARCHITECTURE
Computer organization and architecture: instruction formats and construction; addressing modes; memory hierarchy (cache, main memory and secondary memory) operation and performance; simple pipelines; basic performance analysis; simple OS functions, particularly as they relate to hardware; virtual memory; computer I/O concepts, including interrupt and DMA mechanisms; intercomputer communication concepts. Must have C- or better in prerequisite 2504. Pre: 2504. (3H,3C).

2504: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER ENGINEERING
An introduction to the design and operation of digital computers, including information representation, logic design, integrated circuits, register transfer description, basic computer organization and machine-level programming. The relationship between software and hardware is stressed. This course duplicates material in CS 2504 and may not be taken for credit towards graduation if CS 2504 is also taken. I,II,III. Pre: 1574. Co: MATH 2214. (3H,3C).

2524: INTRODUCTION TO UNIX FOR ENGINEERS
Fundamental concepts of operating systems, emphasizing a hands-on introduction to UNIX. User interfaces, UNIX shell commands, the UNIX file system, task management, common system utilities, the UNIX programming environment. Students gain experience with system installation and administration. Duplicates CS 2204. Must have C-or better in prerequisite 2574. Pre: 2574. (2H,2C).

2574 (CS 2574): INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Introduces a disciplined approach to problem-solving and emphasizes the utility of software engineering principles applied to programming practices. Also stressed are program design and implementation involving multiple modules, verification of program correctness, and abstract data types and objects such as strings, arrays, sets, linked lists, stacks, queues, and files. Pre: 1574 -A grade C- or better. Pre: 1574. (3H,3C).

2704: SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
Analysis techniques for signals and systems. Signal representation, including Fourier and LaPlace transforms. System definitions and properties, such as linearity, causality, time invariance, and stability. Use of convolution, transfer functions and frequency response to determine system response. Applications to circuit analysis. I,II. Pre: (2004 or 2004H), (MATH 2214 or MATH 2214H). (3H,3C).

2964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.


2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
A minimum GPA of 2.5 in all ECE courses is required for enrollment. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3004: AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Application of the basic laws and techniques of circuit analysis to AC circuits. Complex numbers and algebra with an emphasis on phasor representation of circuits. Calculation of the frequency response of circuits with R, L, and C components, independent sources, controlled sources, and operational amplifiers. Analysis of AC steady-state circuits and determination of average power. Magnetically coupled circuits. Laplace and Fourier transforms. Representation of circuits by two-port models. Pre: 2704. Co: 3074. (3H,3C).

3054: ELECTRICAL THEORY
For students in curricula other than ECE. Fundamentals of electric circuits: circuit laws and network theorems, operational amplifiers, energy storage elements, response of first and second order systems. AC steady state analysis. Pre: PHYS 2306. Co: MATH 2214. (3H,3C).

3074: AC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS LABORATORY
Construction, analysis, and characterization of circuits with student-owned Lab-in-a-Box system. Experiments include: sinusoids and phasors including impedance, admittance, and Kirchhoff's laws; sinusoidal steady-state including node and mesh analysis, Thevenin and Norton equivalent, and op amps; ac power analysis including instantaneous and average power, power factor, and complex power; magnetically coupled circuits including mutual inductance, energy in a coupled circuit, and transformers; frequency response including transfer functions, Bode plots, resonance, and passive and active filters; and two-port circuits. A C- or better is required for all prerequisites. Pre: 2074. Co: 3004. (3L,1C).

3105-3106: ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Maxwell's equations and their application to engineering problems. 3105: transmission lines, electrostatics, magnetostatics. 3106: time-varying fields, Maxwell's Equations, waves, propagation, guided waves, radiation. Pre: PHYS 2306, MATH 2224, (ECE 2004 or ECE 2004H) for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C).

3204: ANALOG ELECTRONICS
Small signal modeling of transistors. Basic architecture and functionality of linear amplifiers including transistor biasing circuits, current sources, differential amplifier, common emitter amplifier, common source amplifier, emitter follower, and source follower. Operational amplifier operating principles, circuit design, and applications. Frequency response of single stage and multistage amplifiers. Feedback systems and stability analysis of amplifiers. Pre: 2204, 2704. Co: 3274. (3H,3C).

3254: INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
For students in curricula other than EE and CpE. Fundamentals of electronics, including basic device principles. Circuit applications include digital, op-amp, and analog analysis for industrial applications. I,II,IV. Pre: 3054. (2H,3L,3C).

3274: ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS LABORATORY II
Design, build, and test amplifiers and other electronic circuits to meet specifications. Bipolar and field-effect transistors, diodes, integrated circuits such as operational amplifiers, and passive components are used. Gain, bandwidth, input and output impedance, positive and negative feedback, and circuit stability are implemented in the designs. Digital oscilloscopes, ammeters, voltmeters, function generators, and power supplies are used. A grade of C- or better is required in all pre-requisite courses. Pre: 2274, 3074. Co: 3204. (3L,1C).

3304: INTRODUCTION TO POWER SYSTEMS
Basic concepts of AC systems, single-phase and three-phase networks, electric power generation, transformers, transmission lines, electric machinery and the use of power. Pre-requisite 3004 with C- or better. Pre: 3004. (3H,3C).

3354: ELECTRIC POWER ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Laboratory experiments based on principles of electric power engineering. Co: 3304. (3L,1C). II.

3504: DIGITAL DESIGN I
Design techniques for combinational and sequential logic. Design of digital circuits using standard integrated circuit chips and programmable logic devices. Computer simulation will be used to validate designs. Prototypes will be constructed to demonstrate design functionality. Pre: 2504. (3H,3L,4C). I,II.

3534: MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM DESIGN
Operation and applications of microprocessors and microcontrollers, including system level organization, analysis of specific processors, and software and hardware interface design. Pre: 2504. (3H,3L,4C).

3574: APPLIED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Software engineering models, tools and techniques are applied to the development of large scale engineering software projects. Pre: 2574. (3H,3C).

3614: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Analysis and design of analog and digital communication systems based on Fourier analysis. Topics include linear systems and filtering, power and energy spectral density, basic analog modulation techniques, quantization of analog signals, line coding, pulse shaping, and transmitter and receiver design concepts. Applications include AM and FM radio, television, digital communications, and frequency-division and time-division multiplexing. Pre: 2704. (3H,3C).

3704: CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE SYSTEM THEORY
Continuous- and discrete-time system theory. Block diagrams, feedback, and stability theory. System analysis with Bode diagrams. Discrete-time stability, difference equations, Z-transforms, transfer functions, Fourier transforms, and frequency response. Sampling of continuous systems and an introduction to digital filtering. I,II. Pre: 2704. (3H,3C).

3964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

3974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4104: MICROWAVE AND RF ENGINEERING
Passive and active Radio Frequency and microwave components and circuits for wireless communications; transmission-line theory; planar transmission-lines and waveguides; S-parameters; resonators; power dividers and couplers; microwave filters; sources, detectors, and active devices; modern RF & microwave CAD; measurement techniques. Pre: (3106, 3204). (3H,3L,4C).

4114: ANTENNAS
Antenna fundamentals, analysis and design principles, and a survey of antenna types including: arrays, wire antennas, broadband antennas, and aperture antennas. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C). II.

4124: RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION
Behavior of radiated electromagnetic waves in atmosphere, space, urban and indoor environments; path, frequency and antenna selection for practical communication systems; propagation prediction. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C). II.

4134: FIBER OPTICS AND APPLICATIONS
Theory of optical fiber waveguide propagation and design applications in communication and sensing systems. I. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C).

4144: INTRODUCTION TO OPTICAL INFORMATION PROCESSING
Modern wave optics. The application of Fourier transforms to image analysis, optical spatial filtering, and image processing. II. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C).

4164: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) THEORY AND DESIGN
Fundamental theory and applications of radio navigation with the Global Positioning System GPS. Satellite orbit theory, GPS signal structure and theory, point positioning with pseudoranges and carrier phases, selective availability, dilution of precision, differential GPS, atmospheric effects on GPS signals. Pre: 3106 or AOE 4134. (3H,3L,4C).

4205-4206: ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT DESIGN
Stability and response of feedback amplifier, wideband amplifiers, operational amplifier characteristics, waveform generators and wave shaping, nonlinear circuit applications, signal generators, and photolithography. Design of analog electronic circuits, circuit simulation, response characterization, and printed circuit construction. I,II. Pre: 3204 for 4205; 4205 for 4206. (3H,3C).

4214: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamental semiconductor device physics associated with semiconductor materials and devices with an in-depth coverage of p-n and Schottky diodes, bipolar junction transistors and metal-oxide semiconductor and junction field effect transistors. Pre: 2204 or MSE 3204 or PHYS 3455. (3H,3C).

4220: ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUIT DESIGN
Integrated circuit design in silicon bipolar, MOS, and BiCMOS technologies for communications, sensor, instrumentation, data conversion, and power management applications. Models for integrated circuit active devices in bipolar and MOS technologies; noise; current mirrors, active loads and references; amplifiers and output stages; operational amplifiers; and an introduction to data conversion circuits. Circuit design at the IC level; modern VLSI CAD software. A grade of C- or better required in pre-requisite 3204. Pre: 3204 or 3204. (3H,3C).

4224: POWER ELECTRONICS
Power devices and switching circuits including inverters and converters; electronic power processing and control as applied to industrial drives, transportation systems, computers, and spacecraft systems. I. Pre: 3204. (3H,3C).

4234 (MSE 4234): SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
Manufacturing practices used in silicon integrated circuit fabrication and the underlying scientific basis for these process technologies. Physical models are developed to explain basic fabrication steps, such as substrate growth, thermal oxidation, dopant diffusion, ion implantation, thin film deposition, etching, and lithography. The overall CMOS integrated circuit process flow is described within the context of these physical models. Pre: 2204 or 3054. (3H,3C). I.

4235-4236 (MSE 4235-4236): PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRONIC PACKAGING
This two-course sequence covers principles and analyses for design and manufacture of electronic packages. 4235: design issues such as electrical, electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical, are covered at the lower levels of packaging hierarchy. Materials and process selection guidelines are discussed for the manufacturing and reliability of chip carriers, multichip and hybrid modules. 4236: system-level package design issues for meeting application requirements and modeling tools for analyzing electronic packages are introduced. Materials and process selection guidelines are discussed for the manufacturing and reliability of packaged electronic products. Pre: 2204 for 4235; 2204, (4235 or MSE 4236) for 4236. Co: 3054 for 4235. (3H,3C).

4284: POWER ELECTRONICS LABORATORY
Design and testing of electronic power processing systems for commercial and aerospace applications. II. Pre: 4224. (3L,1C).

4304: DESIGN IN POWER ENGINEERING
A study of the principles in electric power engineering. Expert systems, superconductivity, DC transmission, motor control, system protection, high performance motors, solar energy, microcomputer applications, machine design, computer-aided design, digital relaying and space station application. I. (3H,3C).

4314: CONTROL AND APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MACHINES
Dynamics and control of different applications of electric machines, DC machines, synchronous machines, polyphase induction machines, and fractional horsepower machines. I. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C).

4324: ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF MACHINES
Dynamics and control of electric machines driven by electronic power converters. II. Pre: 4405, 4224. (3H,3C).

4334: POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND CONTROL
Development of methods for power analysis and control. An analysis and design of systems for steady state, transient, and dynamic conditions. Digital solutions emphasized. I. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C).

4344: ELECTRIC POWER QUALITY FOR THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Causes, consequences and solutions of power quality problems that affect the operation of computerized processes and electronic systems. Industry standards, monitoring techniques and economic consideration of power quality issues. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C).

4354: POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Protection of power apparatus and systems. Fuses. Voltage and current transducers. Relays. Coordination of relays. Pilot channels. Grounding practices. Surge phenomena. Insulation coordination. II. Pre: 4334. (3H,3C).

4364: ALTERNATE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Electric energy from alternative energy sources including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal and ocean. Characteristics of direct conversion, electromechanical conversion, and storage devices used in alternative energy systems. Power system issues associated with integration of small scale energy sources into the electricity grid. II. Pre: STAT 4714. (3H,3C).

4374: POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION LABORATORY
Experimental verification of principles and practice of protective relaying. Experiments and design projects to demonstrate the principles and techniques of industrial power system design. Fuses, time overcurrent, and instantaneous relays. Differential relaying for transformers. Distance relaying. Current and voltage transformers. II. Pre: 4334. Co: 4354. (3L,1C).

4405-4406: CONTROL SYSTEMS
4405: Introduction to the design of feedback compensation to improve the transient and steady-state performance of systems. Course covers modeling techniques, root locus analysis and design, Nyquist criterion, and frequency domain compensation. Must have a C- or better in prerequisite 3704. 4406: Extension of the techniques of 4405 to systems controlled by digital compensators. Course covers discrete-time modeling of continuous-time systems, discrete-time redesign of continuous controllers, root-locus compensation, and frequency domain compensation. A capstone design project involving both written and oral presentations is required. Must have a C- or better in prerequisite 4405. Pre: 3704 for 4405; 4405 for 4406. (3H,3C).

4415-4416: CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY
Design and implementation of controllers for physical systems. System identification techniques. 4415: Supplements material in ECPE 4405. Continuous-time modeling and control. 4416: Supplements material in ECPE 4406. Discrete-time modeling and control. I,II. Co: 4405 for 4415; 4406 for 4416. (3L,1C).

4500: FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Fundamental principles and concepts of computer systems. Computer hardware; Boolean logic; number systems and representation; design and operation of digital logic; instruction set architectures and computer organization; and basics of data communication and networking. Partially duplicates ECE 3504 and 4504. Master of Information Technology students only. Pre: Ability to program in a modern high-level programming language. programming language. (3H,3C).

4504 (CS 4504): COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
Information representation and transfer; instructions and data access methods; the control unit and microprogramming; memories; input/output and interrupts; secondary storage; the von Neumann SISD organization; high level language machines; the RISC concept; special purpose processors including operating system, file, text, floating point, communication, etc. Multicomputers; multiprocessors; concurrent processing support; Pipeline machines, processor arrays, database machines; the data flow/data directed approach; computer networks. A grade of C or better required in CS prerequisite 3204. I,II. Pre: CS 3204. (3H,3C).

4510: GENETIC ALGORITHMS AND EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN
Introduction to evolutionary computation and design, including genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary programming and evolution strategies. Applications in engineering optimization, digital systems design, automatic programming and knowledge discovery. Pre: 2504, CS 2704. Co: STAT 4714. (3H,3C). I.

4514: DIGITAL DESIGN II
In this course, students will learn to use a hardware descriptive language (VHDL) in the digital design process. Emphasis will be on system-level concepts and high-level design representations. Methods will be learned that are appropriate for use in automated synthesis systems. Students will have the opportunity to use commercial schematic capture and simulation tools to design a series of increasingly complex devices. Students will also use a logic synthesis tool and synthesize assignments into Field Programmable Gate Arrays. Must have a C- or better in prerequisite 3504. Pre: 3504. (3H,3L,4C).

4520: DIGITAL AND MIXED-SIGNAL SYSTEM TESTING AND TESTABLE DESIGN
Various topics on testing and testable design for digital and mixed-signal systems are studied: fault modeling, logic and fault simulation, fault modeling, automatic test pattern deneration, deterministic ATPG, simulation-based ATPG, delay fault testing, design for testability, built-in-self-test and fault diagnosis. Pre: 3504, 2574. (3H,3C).

4524: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS
Problem solving methods; problem spaces; search techniques; knowledge representation; programming languages for AI; games; predicate logic; knowledge-based systems; machine learning; planning techniques; reactive systems; artificial neural networks; natural language understanding; computer vision; robotics. Pre: 2574, STAT 4714. (3H,3L,4C).

4530: HARDWARE-SOFTWARE CODESIGN
An introduction to the design of mixed hardware-software systems, focusing on common underlying modeling concepts, the design of hardware-software interfaces, and the trade-offs between hardware and software components. Students will use simulation tools to conduct experiments with mixed hardware-software systems in the area of embedded systems. Pre: 3504, 3534. (3H,3C).

4534: EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
Microprocessor development systems, programming using assembly and higher-level languages. Implementation of embedded application algorithms. Details of a contemporary microprocessor architecture. Comparative analysis of advanced architecture and specialty architectures. Laboratory work is required. Software development including multiple memory models, device drivers, basic network principles including internet applications. Pre: 3534. (3H,3L,4C).

4540: VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN
Introduction to the design and layout of Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI). Emphasis is placed on digital CMOS circuits. Static and dynamic properties of MOSFET devices, along with integrated circuit fabrication are examined. Computer-aided design tools are used to produce working integrated circuit designs. Pre: 2204, 2504. (3H,3C).

4550: REAL-TIME SYSTEMS
Introduction to real-time systems, real-time scheduling including multiprocessor scheduling, real-time operating systems (kernels), real-time communication, real-time programming languages, reliability and fault-tolerance, and real-time system requirements and design methods. Design, analysis, and implementation of real-time kernel mechanisms and real-time applications using kernels such as Linux and programming languages such as C (with POSIX primitives) and Ada 95. Must have a grade of C- or better in prerequisites 4534 or CS 3204. II. Pre: 4534 or CS 3204. (3H,3C).

4560: COMPUTER AND NETWORK SECURITY FUNDAMENTALS
This course introduces fundamental security principles and real-world applications of Internet and computer security. Topics covered in the course include legal and privacy issues, risk analysis, attack and intrusion detection concepts, system log analysis, intrusion detection and packet filtering techniques, computer security models, computer forensics, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Must have C- or better in CS 4564 or CS 4254. Pre: 4564 or CS 4254. (3H,3C).

4564: NETWORK APPLICATION DESIGN
Application program interface and network transport services including User Datagram Protocol and Transmission Control Protocol from the Internet Protocol suite. Client-server organization and design of synchronous, asynchronous, and multithreaded client and server applications. Design, implementation, and testing techniques to improve robustness and performance. Partially duplicates CS 4254 and credit will not be allowed for both. Pre: (2504, 2574). (3H,3C).

4570 (CS 4570): WIRELESS NETWORKS AND MOBILE SYSTEMS
Multidisciplinary, project-oriented design course that considers aspects of wireless and mobile systems including wireless networks and link protocols, mobile networking including support for the Internet Protocol suite, mobile middleware, and mobile applications. Students complete multiple experiments and design projects. Pre: 4564 or CS 4254. (3H,3C).

4574: LARGE-SCALE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
Large-scale software implementations of the hierarchy of engineering analysis, design, and decision evaluation. Computer-aided engineering programs with state-of-the-art computer tools and methods. Operator overloading, dynamic polymorphism, graphical user interfaces, generic programming, dynamic link libraries, and multiple threads. Pre: 3574. (3H,3C).

4605-4606: RADIO ENGINEERING
Wireless application circuit design for gain and filter control at radio frequencies to interface the baseband processing systems and the antennas of communication systems. 4605: Design of radio transmitter and receiver circuits using scattering-parameter methods. Circuits include oscillators, radio frequency amplifiers and matching networks, mixers and detectors. 4606: Design of amplitude, frequency, and pulse-modulated communication systems, including modulators, detectors, and the effects of noise. Design basics and guidelines for phaselocked loops and several power amplifier configurations. Pre: 3106, 3204, 3614 for 4605; 4605 for 4606. Co: 4675 for 4605. (3H,3C). I,II.

4614: TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS
An introduction and overview of the architecture, technology, operation, and application of telecommunication networks. Major topics include the convergence of telephone and computer networks, the layered architecture of computer networks with emphasis on the Internet, and wireless network technology and applications. Pre: 2504, 2704, STAT 4714. (3H,3C).

4624: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND FILTER DESIGN
Analysis, design, and realization of digital filters. Discrete Fourier Transform algorithms, digital filter design procedures, coefficient quantization. Pre: C or better in 3704. Pre: 3704. (3H,3C).

4634: DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
System level analysis and design for digital communications systems: analog-to-digital conversion, digital baseband communications, carrier modulation formats, matched filters, bandwidth efficiency, receiver design, link budgets, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rates in additive-white-noise Gaussian (AWGN) channels, and multiple access. Must have a grade of C- or better in prerequisites 3614 and STAT 4714. Pre: 3614, STAT 4714. (3H,3C).

4644: SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
Theory and practice of satellite communications. Orbits and launchers, spacecraft, link budgets, modulation, coding, multiple access techniques, propagation effects, and earth terminals. II. Pre: 3614. (3H,3C).

4654: DSP IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
An introduction to designing communication subsystems and involves designing and implementing in software demodulators, signal synthesizers, and synchronizers. A significant part of this class will be DSP programming. Pre: 4624, 4634. (3H,3C).

4664: ANALOG & DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS LABORATORY
Laboratory experiments which deal with the design and measurement of analog and digital communication systems. Concepts include SNR, Modulation Index, PCM, and spread spectrum. Pre: 3614. Co: 4634. (3L,1C). I.

4674: SCATTERING PARAMETERS LABORATORY
Laboratory techniques for ultra-high frequency measurements. Emphasizes the design of a microstrip amplifier using scattering parameter measurement and analysis. Pre: 4605, 4675. (3L,1C). II.

4675-4676: RADIO ENGINEERING LABORATORY
Laboratory techniques for radio frequencies including the design of amplifiers, oscillators, and a single-side-band receiver. Associated measurements will be used. I,II. Pre: 3106, 3204 for 4675; 4675 for 4676. Co: 4605 for 4675; 4606 for 4676. (3L,1C).

4704: PRINCIPLES OF ROBOTICS SYSTEMS
Introduction to the design, analysis, control, and operation of robotic mechanisms. Introduction to the use of homogeneous coordinates for kinematics, dynamics, and camera orientation; sensors and actuators, control, task planning, vision, and intelligence. II. Pre: 3704. (3H,3C).

4734 (ME 4734): MECHATRONICS
Electromechanical system modeling, control and applications. Design of electronic interfaces and controllers for mechanical devices. Sensor technology, signal acquisition, filtering, and conditioning. Microcontroller-based closed-loop control and device communications. Sensor and actuator selection, installation, and application strategies. I. Pre: 2504, 2704 or ME 3514. (3H,3C).

4904: PROJECT AND REPORT
Investigation and report on a special project under the direction of a faculty advisor. Course may be extended over several semesters with a letter grade assigned at the end of the semester in which the project and report are completed. Involves design, construction, and testing of a circuit or system. A minimum in-major GPA of 2.5 is required for enrollment. Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
A minimum in-major GPA of 2.5 is required for enrollment. Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
A minimum in-major GPA of 2.5 is required for enrollment. Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
A minimum GPA of 2.5 in all ECPE courses is required for enrollment. Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

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