College of Engineering

Biological Systems Engineering

Overview

The Biological Systems Engineering program integrates biology, chemistry, and physics with engineering to solve engineering problems associated with the environmentally sound production, processing, and utilization of renewable resources. The curriculum differs from other engineering programs in that it focuses on the sustainable production and management of natural resources and biological materials. Biological Systems Engineering graduates have rewarding careers working with biological materials and both large and small biological systems, for the benefit of society and the environment.

The Biological Systems Engineering program at Virginia Tech provides a strong, broad-based engineering education with opportunity for specialization utilizing the 33 credits of technical electives available in the curriculum. Using these electives, BSE students prepare for careers in biomedical engineering, biotechnology, biopharmaceuticals, food engineering, or watershed science and engineering. Many BSE graduates also choose to pursue graduate studies or professional degrees from medical, veterinary, or dental programs.
Recognizing the importance of "hands-on" experience in engineering education, instructional laboratories are included in many of the Biological Systems Engineering courses. These laboratory courses are designed to enhance understanding of theoretical concepts through hands-on activities. In addition to providing a strong and broad-based engineering education, the program emphasizes communication, team work skills, and design experience. The department participates in the Cooperative Education Program, which gives qualified students valuable work experience while pursuing an undergraduate degree. Students are also encouraged to participate in undergraduate research and study abroad programs. Many BSE students are employed in departmental research laboratories.
Design and teamwork experiences are integral parts of the program. In the second year, students work in teams to design, build, and test a solution to an assigned design problem. Throughout the junior year, students acquire knowledge and analysis skills required for successful and professional engineering design through course assignments. The senior year design sequence gives students a comprehensive design experience in which they utilize much of the knowledge they have acquired through their other courses. Students work in teams to solve "real-life" engineering problems.

The relatively small class sizes in Biological Systems Engineering promote excellent interaction between faculty and students. Mentoring begins early in the second year when each student is assigned a faculty advisor who follows the student's progress through graduation.

The bachelor of science in biological systems engineering is offered through the College of Engineering and is accredited by the Engineering Accreditation Commission of ABET, http://www.abet.org. The department offers over 20 endowed scholarships to students enrolled in Biological Systems Engineering; students are also eligible for College of Engineering and other university scholarships.

In addition to the undergraduate degree program, programs of study leading to master of engineering, master of science, and Ph.D. degrees are available in the department. The BSE department also participates in the Accelerated Undergraduate/Graduate degree program. Through this program, undergraduate students with a GPA of 3.4 or above can apply for admission to the Graduate School during their junior year. If admitted, students may apply up to 12 hours of graduate coursework to both their graduate and undergraduate degree requirements, thus accelerating completion of a master's degree in BSE.

Biological Systems Engineering Program (BSE)

(This program applies to students graduating in 2015.)

First Year
First Semester	Credits	Second Semester	Credits
CHEM 1035: General Chemistry	3	CHEM 1036: General Chemistry	3
CHEM 1045: General Chemistry Lab	1	ENGE 1114: Exploration Eng. Design or ENGE 1104: Exploration Digital Future	2
ENGE 1024 Eng. Exploration	2	ENGL 1106: First-Year Writing	3
ENGL 1105: First-Year Writing	3	MATH 1206: Calculus II	3
MATH 1205: Calculus I	3	MATH 1224: Vector Geometry	2
MATH 1114: Elementary Linear Algebra	2	PHYS 2305: Foundations of Physics I	4
CLE Courses1	3		17
	17
Second Year
First Semester	Credits	Second Semester	Credits
ESM 2104: Statics	3	ESM 2304: Dynamics	3
Math 2224: Multivariable Calculus	3	Math 2214: Differential Equations	3
Phys 2306: Foundations of Physics I	4	BIOL 1106: Principles of Biology	3
BIOL 1105: Principles of Biology	3	BSE 3144: Engr Analysis for Biol Systems	2
BSE 2004: Introduction to BSE	2	CLE Courses1	3
Chemistry elective	3	Chemistry Elective	3
	18		17
Third Year
First Semester	Credits	Second Semester	Credits
BSE 3134: Biological Systems Eng. Seminar	1	BSE 3504: Transport Processes in BSE	3
BSE 3154: Thermodynamics of Biological Sys.	3	BIOL 2604: General Microbiology	3
ESM 3024: Fluid Mechanics	3	BSE Elective	3
STAT 4604: Stat. Meth. for Engrs. or STAT 4705: Probability & Statistics for Engrs.	3	Technical Electives	6
Technical Elective	3	CLE Courses1	1
CLE Courses1	3
	16		15
Fourth Year
First Semester	Credits	Second Semester	Credits
BSE 4125: Comprehensive Design Project	2	BSE 4126: Comprehensive Design Project	3
BSE 4204: Instrumentation for Biosystems	3	BSE elective	3
BSE electives	6	Engineering topics elective	3
ISE 2014: Engineering Economy	2	CLE Courses1	6
Engineering topics elective	3
	16		15

¹ These courses must include six credits each from Curriculum for Liberal Education (CLE) Areas 2 and 3; one credit from Area 6; and three credits from Area 7 (the Area 7 course may double count with Area 2 or Area 3, or with a qualifying technical elective).

In addition to University policy, for graduation, a student must complete 132 credits, as delineated on this checksheet, with a minimum overall GPA of 2.0 and a minimum in-major GPA of 2.0.  The in-major GPA calculation uses the following courses: BSE 2004, 2304, 3134, 3144, 3154, 3324, 3334, 3504, 4125, 4126, 4204, 4304, 4344, 4504, 4604, 4514, 4524, and 4544.  A student must obtain a C- or better in all required BSE courses including BSE 2004, 3134, 3144, 3154, 3504, 4125, 4126, and 4204.

Eligibility for continued enrollment: upon having attempted 72 hours (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, and credit by examination), "satisfactory progress" toward a B.S. degree will include the following minimum criteria: having a GPA of at least 2.0; earning a C- or better in BSE 2004 and passing Phys 2306, Math 2224, 2214.

Undergraduate Course Descriptions (BSE)

2004: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Introduction to the fundamental concepts of Biological Systems Engineering, including statistics, heat and mass balances, protein separation, microbial metabolism, and enzyme kinetics. Engineering design process, engineering problem-solving tools and techniques, development of oral and written communication skills, and the importance of teamwork and ethics in Biological Systems Engineering. Pre: ENGE 1024. (1H,3L,2C)

2304: LANDSCAPE MEAS & MODELING
Introduction to land surveying, computer-aided design, and drafting for land and water resources engineering. Representation of features in two and three dimensions for documentation and visualization of land and water resources engineering projects. Create plans, cross sections, detail drawings, and three dimensional visualizations using computer-aided design and drafting tools. Pre: MATH 1206. (2H,3L,3C)

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3134: BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SEMINAR
Critical review of technical and professional articles on current topics in Biological Systems Engineering. Development of oral presentation and technical writing skills.  Contemporary ethical, professional, and global issues in Biological Systems Engineering. Pre: 2004. (2L,1C)

3144: ENGINEERING ANALYSIS FOR BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS USING NUMERICAL METHODS
Solving engineering problems related to biological systems using numerical analysis including root finding, numerical integration, differentiation, interpolation and numerical solution of ordinary differential equations.  Error analysis and programming with engineering software. Co: MATH 2214. (2H,2C)

3154: THERMODYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Fundamental concepts, first and second laws, psychrometrics applied to plant and animal environments, introduction to Gibbs energy, and application of calorimetry to gain basic understanding of energy flow in a biological system. Co: CEE 3304 or CHE 3114 or ESM 3015 or ESM 3015 or ESM 3024 or ME 3404 Pre: MATH 2214 or MATH 2214H. (3H,3C)

3324: SMALL WATERSHED HYDROLOGY
Precipitation, soil physics, infiltration, evapotranspiration, groundwater hydrology, overland flow, open channel flow, flow routing, hydraulic analysis. Co: CEE 3304 or CHE 3114 or ESM 3015 or ESM 3024 or ME 3404. (3H,3C)

3334: NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL
Erosion prediction and control; transport and fate of sediment, nutrients, and microorganisms; design of nutrient management plans, wetlands, detention facilities and other management practices for rural and urban nonpoint source pollution control. Pre: 2004, 3324, CSES 3114. (2H,3L,3C)

3494: ADVANCED WELDING TECHNOLOGY
Techniques in welding that include gas, submerged metal arc, metal inert gas, pulsed arc, and tungsten inert gas welding. Design of welding structures, fundamentals of heat treatment, and plasma arc cutting. Consent required. (3L,1C)

3504: TRANSPORT PROCESSES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
Introduction to material and energy balances in biological systems. Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer in biological systems. One and two dimensional conduction, convection, and diffusion of thermal energy and mass. Heat and mass transfer rates, steady and unsteady state conduction, convection, diffusion; design of simple heat exchangers.  Application of these topics and fluid mechanics to fluid handling, bacterial growth, plant nutrient uptake, enzymatic reactions. Pre: 3154, ESM 3024. (3H,3C)

3524: UNIT OPERATIONS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Unit operations for processing biological materials including heat exchangers, evaporation, drying, mixing, homogenization, extrusion, phase and multi-phase separation, and size reduction. Laboratory hands-on experience in various unit operations. Co: 3504. (2H,3L,3C)

4125-4126: COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN PROJECT
4125: Identify and develop an engineering design project using the team approach; use of literature resources to define project objectives and approach; present project proposal in a professional written and oral manner; engineering ethics, professionalism and contemporary issues. 4126: Complete a comprehensive design project using the team approach and make professional presentations of the final design. Completion of 96 hours and overall GPA of 2.0 or better. Pre: 3306 or 3524 for 4125; 4125 for 4126. 4125: (1H,3L,2C) 4126: (6L,2C)

4204: INSTRUMENTATION
Introduction to instrumentation and sensors for measurement and control of biological systems. Sensor response dynamics, data acquisition, sensor selection, signal processing and signal conditioning principles. Experimental determination of velocity, pressure, strain, displacement, forces and chemical constituents. Data analysis focused on uncertainty, error and statistical concepts. Pre: PHYS 2306, ESM 3024. (2H,2L,3C)

4224: FIELD METHODS IN HYDROLOGY
Site characterization: surveying, channel and floodplain mapping, landuse, electronic data acquisition. Techniques for measuring surface and subsurface hydrologic processes: water flow, hydrologic conductivity, precipitation, evaporation. Sampling techniques: surface water, groundwater, and soil pore water sampling. In-situ monitoring: automatic samplers, dataloggers, water quality sondes. Laboratory analyses: good laboratory practices, selection of analytical method, calibration, quality assurance/quality control. Co: 3324 or CEE 3314 or FOR 4354. (2H,3L,3C)

4304: NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION MODELING AND MANAGEMENT
Concepts, principles and application of modeling and monitoring for assessment and management of nonpoint source pollution.  Design and implementation of monitoring systems.  Concepts of modeling agroecosystems and land use impacts on hydrologic/water quality response of upland catchments.  Model selection, calibration, validation, and application for comparative analysis.  Screening models using Geographic Information Systems.  Case studies in current watershed management issues, with a focus on agricultural waste and nutrient management, using existing field and watershed models. Pre: 3334. (2H,3L,3C)

4324: NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Engineering aspects of the sources and magnitudes of nonpoint source pollution, major causative factors, and control techniques. Emphasis on hydrologic factors, erosion, atmospheric deposition, adsorption and degradation of pollutants in soil, disposal of agricultural wastes, and management for the control of urban and agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Pre: CEE 3104. (3H,3C)

4344: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR ENGINEERS
Conceptual, technical, and operational aspects of geographic information systems as a tool for storage, analysis, and presentation of spatial information.  Focus on engineering applications in resource management, site selection, and network analysis.  Laboratory work and senior standing required. (2H,3L,3C)

4394: WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Social, economic and engineering principles of water supply and sanitation in developing countries as affected by climate, cultural and sociological factors, and material and financial resources. Pre: CEE 3104. (3H,3C)

4504: BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
Study of the engineering concepts for biological conversion of raw materials to food, pharmaceuticals, fuels, and chemicals. Emphasis is placed on enzyme kinetics and technology, bioreaction kinetics, analysis, and control of bioreactors and fermenters, and downstream processing of bioreaction products. Pre: 3504, BIOL 2604. (3H,3C)

4514: INDUSTRIAL PROCESSING OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Principles of industrial processing of biological materials. Surveys the major food processing and biopharmaceutical industries and the major processing steps involved in the production of vegetable oils, starch, corn sweeteners, biofuels, protein, dairy products, meat and poultry, seafood, fruits and vegetables, and biopharmaceuticals. Economics, safety, environmental, and quality control factors involved in the processing of biological materials. Pre: (3524, 4604). (3H,3C)

4524: BIOLOGICAL PROCESS PLANT DESIGN
Engineering principles for design of systems for processing biological materials into primary and secondary products. Delivery, scheduling, storage requirements, economic analysis.  Process control and instrumentation of bioprocessing plants. Pre: 4504. (3H,3C)

4544 (CHE 4544): PROTEIN SEPARATION ENGINEERING
Concepts, principles and applications of various unit operations used in protein separations. Properties of biological materials, such as cells and proteins, and their influences on process design. Design of processes for protein purification based on the impurities to be eliminated. Concepts and principles of scale-up of unit operations. Case studies in practical protein recovery and purification issues, with a focus on enhanced protein purification by genetic engineering. Protein purification process simulation and optimization using process simulation software. Pre: 3504 or CHE 3144. (3H,3C)

4604: FOOD PROCESS ENGINEERING
Analysis and design of food processing operations including thermal pasteurization and sterilization, freezing, extrusion, texturization, and mechanical separation. Pre: 3504, 3524. (3H,3C)

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.