Liberal Arts and Human Sciences

Foreign Languages and Literatures

Overview

The study of foreign languages and literatures opens doors to international understanding and the appreciation of ancient and contemporary foreign civilizations. The department gives interested students of the university an opportunity to enroll in its courses:

• To major or minor in a language;
• To become a more aware and informed citizen of the world;
• To prepare for careers in international organizations, the Foreign Service, government, business or industry, teaching;
• To prepare for a study abroad program;
• To obtain humanities credits on an elective basis;
• To fulfill undergraduate language requirements;
• To satisfy graduate reading requirements;
• Just out of interest.
  

Majors and Minors are offered in French, German, Russian, Spanish, and Classical Studies. Minors are also given in Classical Languages, French for Business, and Latin. The department also offers instruction in Arabic, Chinese, modern Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Portuguese. In addition to fulfilling the requirements of the core curriculum of the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, the foreign language major must complete 30-33 hours at the 3000-level and above in a single foreign language (with the exception of Classical Studies), according to the following requirements in the individual languages.

A minimum grade of C (2.0) must be earned by foreign language majors and minors in all courses required for the major or minor.

Classical Studies Major

To complete the interdisciplinary major in Classical Studies a student must complete 36 hours: 18 in Classical Studies (Humanities, History, Art & Art History, Mythology, Literature, Culture, Religion, etc.) and 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin). For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website (http://www.fll.vt.edu/Classics/ClassicsHome.html) or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Classical Studies Minor

To obtain an interdisciplinary minor in Classical Studies a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Studies. For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website (http://www.fll.vt.edu/Classics/ClassicsHome.html) or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Classical Languages Minor

To obtain a minor in Classical Languages a student must complete 18 hours in Classical Languages (Ancient Greek and/or Latin). For information on required courses and for a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website (http://www.fll.vt.edu/Classics/ClassicsHome.html) or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Language Majors/Minors

French Major

To complete a major in French, a student must complete 33 hours at the 3000-level and above, including:
3105, 3106, *3126, **3304, 3314, and 4154;
three of the following: 3205, 3206, 3305, 3306;
two of the following: ***4314, 4324.

*Students who demonstrate satisfactory oral proficiency by examination may be exempted from French 3126, in which case no credit is granted and three additional hours of advanced elective course work in French will be necessary to complete the required 33 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is an elective designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126.

** Although 3304 is a prerequisite for 3305, 3306 and 3314, it may be waived in some instances. Contact French program director for details.

***French 4314 and 4324 are variable content courses that may be repeated for credit.

Except with consent in special cases, 2964: Field Study, 2984: Special Study, 4964: Field Study, 4974: Independent Study, 4984: Special Study, and 4994: Undergraduate Research

French Minor

To obtain a minor in French, a student must complete 18 hours in French at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105 and 3106. Students must take at least one 3000-level French culture and civilization course and one 3000-level French literature course. French 3314 can count either as a culture and civilization course or as a literature course. In some instances, French 3164 may count toward the minor.

French for Business Minor

The French for Business minor requires 21 hours of French at the 2000-level and above. The minor must include the following courses: 2105, 2164, 3105, 3106, 3164, and one of the following: 2714, 3205, 3206 and one area 7 course.

French for Business Concentration

To obtain the French for Business concentration, a student must complete 18 hours at the 1000-2000 level in French, including the following courses: 1105, 1106, 2105, 2164, 2714, and a CLE Area 7 course or any Study Abroad credit course.

German Major

To complete a major in German, a student must complete 30 hours at the 3000-level and above, including the following required courses: 3105, 3106, *3126, 3204, 3305, 3306, 4154, and six hours of 4000-level coursework. *

Students may be exempted from German 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination, in which case no credit is granted and three additional hours of advanced elective course work in German will be necessary to complete the required 30 hours. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students, the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 30 required for the major.

The 30 hours must be in German courses exclusive of 3125: German for Oral Proficiency, 3195: German for Reading Knowledge, 3196: German for Reading Knowledge, 3414 (ENGL 3414): German Literature in English, and 4964: Field Study.

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German Minor

To obtain a minor in German, a student must complete 18 hours in German at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3204, and 3305 or 3306, exclusive of 2724.

Latin Minor

To obtain a minor in Latin, a student must complete 18 hours of course work in Latin, including 6 hours at the 3000 level or above.
For information and a checksheet, see the Classical Studies website (http://www.fll.vt.edu/Classics/ClassicsHome.html) or the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures (331 Major Williams Hall, 231-5361).

Russian Major

To obtain a major in Russian, students must take 33 hours, including the following: 2105, 2106, 2734, 3105, 3106, 3124, 3304, 3314, 4204*, and 4304*.

*Variable-content courses may be repeated for credit. At least one of these courses will need to be taken twice in order to meet the requirement that at least 24 of the required 33 hours be taught in Russian.

Russian Minor

To obtain a minor in Russian, a student must complete 18 hours in Russian at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105 and 3106

Spanish Major

To complete a major in Spanish, a student must complete 33 hours at the 3000-level and above, including:

1) 3105, 3106, *3126, 3304;
2) five of the following: at least two from the group 3404, 3414, 3444, 3464, 3474, 3484; and at least one from the group 3494, 3514, 3524, 3534;
3) two 4xxx-level courses.

* Students may earn credit by exam for Spanish 3126 through demonstrating satisfactory oral proficiency by examination.. Students not placing into or out of 3126 are strongly advised to take 3125, which is designed to enable students to achieve the level of oral proficiency required for entry into 3126. For most students, the hours represented by 3125 will be in addition to the minimum of 33 required for the major.

Except with consent in special cases, the 33 hours must be in Spanish courses exclusive of: 2964: Field Study; 2984: Special Study; 4964: Field Study; 4974: Independent Study; 4984: Special Study; 4994: Undergraduate Research.

Spanish Minor

To obtain a minor in Spanish, a student must complete 18 hours at the 2000-level and above, 12 of which must be taken at the advanced level, including 3105, 3106, 3304, and one of the following: 3404, 3414, 3444, 3464, 3474, 3484, 3494, 3514, 3524, 3534.

Restrictions

1000 level courses do not count for Majors or Minors in French, German, Russian, or Spanish.

1000 level courses do count toward Majors and Minors in Classical Studies, Latin, and Classical Languages.


Other courses that do not count toward the major or minor: See Coordinator of the specific language section.

Questions about courses numbered 4964, 4974, 4984, and 4994 should be addressed to the director of the specific language program or the department chair.
No more than six hours of 4964 (Field Study) may be taken.

Courses designated 3195-3196 do not satisfy the foreign language requirement for the university or the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences.

Courses designated as 3954 (Study Abroad) may carry major credit only if the student is eligible to pursue courses above the second-year level; otherwise credits will be assigned at the first and second-year level as appropriate in each individual case.

In addition to its formal courses, the department offers informal extracurricular activities, such as conversation groups, language tables, and language clubs, all of which are open to the university community.

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Independent Study

The minimum grade point averages required for independent study in the Department of Foreign Languages are 3.3 in 3000- and 4000-level courses in the language of the independent study; and at least 2.5 overall and no lower than 3.0 in all course work done after the freshman year. Students wishing to enroll in courses designated 4974 (Independent Study) must receive permission from the instructor and the department chair in the term prior to enrollment. No more than eight hours of independent study and/or undergraduate research combined may be counted toward a degree.

Study Abroad

The department encourages students to work and/or study abroad. Information relating to work and/or study abroad programs is available from the department office (331 Major Williams) and from the Study Abroad Office.

The department offers programs of study in the summer in Paris, Senegal, Spain (Madrid and the Camino de Santiago), Moscow, Greece, Switzerland, Japan; and semester- or year-long exchange programs in Caen (France) and Quito (Ecuador).

Information related to work and/or study abroad programs not sponsored by the department is available from the Education Abroad office.

Satisfactory Progress

University policy requires that students who are making satisfactory progress toward a degree meet minimum criteria toward the Curriculum for Liberal Education  (see "Academics" in this catalog), toward the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences core (see first part of this chapter), and toward the degrees in Classical Studies, French, German, Russian, and Spanish.

Repeating Work Completed

Students who have studied a foreign language may not repeat work completed at another institution without advance permission of the instructor.  For example, those who have studied four years of a language in high school cannot normally study that language at the elementary level for credit. Native speakers may not take language courses below the 3000 level in their native language.

B.A. in French

Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in French requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, course withdrawal), students must have completed:

FR 3105: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	3
FR 3304: Introduction to French Literature	3
Credits	(6)

1. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and have completed:

FR 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
FR 3205: French Culture and Civilization or Fr 3206: French Culture and Civilization	3
FR 3304: Introduction to French Literature	3
FR 3305, 3306: Survey of French Literature	6
Credits	(18)

B.A. in German

Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in German requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, course withdrawal), students must have completed:

GER 3105: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	3
GER 3204: Culture of German-Speaking Countries (If not offered in senior year)	3
GER 4154: Advanced Composition and Stylistics (If not offered in senior year)	3
Total Credits	(9)

2. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and must have completed:

GER 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
GER 3204: Culture of German-Speaking Countries (If not offered in senior year)	3
GER 3305, 3306: Survey of German Literature	6
GER 4154: Advanced Composition and Stylistics (If not offered in senior year)	3
Credits	(18)

B.A. in Spanish

Satisfactory progress toward the B.A. in Spanish requires that for continued enrollment in the major,

1. Upon having attempted 72 semester credits (including transfer, advanced placement, advanced standing, credit by examination, course withdrawal), students must have completed:

SPAN 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
One of the following: SPAN 3404, 3414, 3444, 3454	3
SPAN 3304: Introduction to Hispanic Literature	3
Credits	(12)

2. By the end of the junior year, students must have an in-major grade point average of 2.0 or above and must have completed:

SPAN 3105, 3106: Grammar, Comp., and Conversation	6
One of the following: SPAN 3404, 3414, 3444, 3454	3
SPAN 3304: Introduction to Hispanic Literature	3
SPAN 3314: Survey of Peninsular Literature	3
Credits	(15)

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Undergraduate Courses (FL)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Arabic Undergraduate Courses (ARBC)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY ARABIC
Fundamentals of Arabic with emphasis on developing proficiency for communication through reading, writing, speaking, listening, and cultural competence.  ARBC 1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language. (3H,3C)

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

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Chinese Undergraduate Courses (CHN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY CHINESE
Fundamentals of the Chinese language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency.  1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106 is for students who have completed 1105, or more than one year, but less than three years of high school Chinese. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE CHINESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Mandarin Chinese, communication in Chinese; study of some literature and culture of the Chinese people.  2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Classics Undergraduate Courses (CLA)

1134 (HUM 1134) (REL 1134): INTRODUCTORY HUMANITIES:  THE ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN WORLD
Ancient Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman cultures through their embodiments in the arts, literature, history, philosophy, and religion.  Emphasis on the interrelationships among the various forms of cultural expression, and material and intellectual encounters among diverse groups in the ancient Mediterranean world. (3H,3C)

2444 (ENGL 2444) (HUM 2444): ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY
Survey of Ancient Greek and Roman mythology and modern interpretations. In English. No knowledge of Ancient Greek or Latin required. Not for credit toward a Latin Minor. (3H,3C)

2454 (ENGL 2454): ANCIENT GREEK AND LATIN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION
A variable content course devoted to the study of major works of Ancient Greek and Latin literature in English translation. May be repeated for credit with different content. In English. No knowledge of Ancient Greek or Latin required. Not for credit toward a Latin Minor. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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French Undergraduate Courses (FR)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY FRENCH
Fundamentals of the French  language  with  emphasis  on grammar,  reading,  composition, and conversation.  1105 for students with no prior knowledge  of  the  language; 1106  for  students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. X-grade allowed. (3H,3C) I,II,III,IV.

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE FRENCH
Emphasizes comprehension of written and  spoken  French, communication  in  French,  literature, and  culture  of French-speaking world. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106 for 2105; 2105 for 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2164: INTERMEDIATE BUSINESS FRENCH
This course emphasizes all four language skills (reading, writing, speaking, and listening) by focusing on various facets of the world of business and technology. It also develops students' understanding of French institutions and business practices. Pre: 2105. (3H,3C) II.

2714: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
French culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, architecture, and theatre in the context of French cultural history. In English. (3H,3C)

2794H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Progressive and comprehensive review of French syntax and morphology. Practice in written and oral expression in  French on a variety of topics in French culture. Conducted in French. May be taken out of sequence. X-grade allowed. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: FRENCH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken French.  Content-based instruction in small groups.  3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S -1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale.  3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the ACTFL-OPI or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3105, 3106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3164: ADVANCED BUSINESS FRENCH
In this skills-based course, students learn to use appropriate French technical vocabulary for different business contexts, do translation, write professional correspondence, and read articles related to the worlds of business, economics, and finance.  Cross-cultural differences regarding the work place are also a focus of the course. I Pre: 3105, 3106. (3H,3C)

3205,3206: FRENCH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
3205: Patterns of French life and culture in the context of social, intellectual, and institutional changes from the Middle Ages to the French Revolution. 3206: From the French Revolution to the present with an introduction to other francophone parts of the world. Pre: (3105, 3106). (3H,3C) 3205: I,II; 3206:

3304: INTRODUCTION TO FRENCH LITERATURE
Introduction to French literature through analysis and discussion of selected texts from different periods and genres.  Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis.  Intensive writing component. X-grade allowed. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) II.

3305,3306: SURVEY OF FRENCH LITERATURE
Readings in French literature from the Middle Ages to the present to acquaint students with literary techniques and contexts. Pre: 3304, 3105, 3106. (3H,3C)

3314: INTRODUCTION TO FRANCOPHONE STUDIES
Introduction to the literatures and cultures of French- speaking countries outside of France including North Africa, the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Quebec. Examination of thematic and cultural aspects of literatures of these regions within their socio-historical contexts; explorations of such notions as postcolonialism, identity, race, and nation as they relate to the legacy of colonial France. Pre: 3105, 3106, 3304. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive work in written French.  Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate French in a variety of modes (e.g., epistolary style, the formal and informal essay). Writing intensive. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4164: SPECIAL TOPICS IN BUSINESS FRENCH
A variable content course devoted to developing and perfecting highly advanced language skills through the study of special topics in the French and francophone business worlds.  Emphasis on a mastery of specialized French for professional settings.  May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught even years. Pre: 3106, 3164. (3H,3C) II.

4314: STUDIES IN FRENCH LITERATURE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French literature, such as an author, a group of authors, a literary  movement or genre during a specific period of French literary history (i.e., Voltaire, the  Pleiade, Romanticism, the nouveau  roman).  May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105, 3106, (3305 or 3306 or 3314). (3H,3C)
I,II.

4324: SPECIAL TOPICS IN FRENCH LIFE, LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
In-depth study of a selected topic in French culture or language as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., such as phonetics, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in French.  May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: (3105, 3106) or (3205, 3206). (3H,3C) I,II.

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN FRENCH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on  post-graduation application  of  these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. May be taken twice for credit with different content.  Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level French course, senior standing, French major, and consent of French Section required. (1H,1C)
I, II.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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German Undergraduate Courses (GER)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY GERMAN
Fundamentals of the German  language with emphasis on grammar,  reading,  composition, and conversation.  1105: for students with no prior knowledge  of  the  language; 1106: for  students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. (3H,3C) I,II.

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY GERMAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary German, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning.  It develops the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, writing) in a cultural context.  Partially duplicates GER 1105 and 1106. (6H,6C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2114: ACCELERATED INTERMEDIATE GERMAN
Proficiency-oriented approach to intermediate German, designed for learners who wish to progress rapidly through the intermediate stages of language learning.  The course strengthens the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading and writing) in a cultural context. Accelerated version of GER 2105-2106. Pre: 1106. (6H,6C)

2724: INTRODUCTION TO GERMAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
German culture and civilization from the earliest period to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to literature, film, art, architecture, music, and theatre in the context of German cultural history.  In English. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3104: COMMERCIAL GERMAN
Development and application of written and oral German needed for commercial transactions:  reading of business letters and journals; composition of business correspondence; participation in business meetings; business etiquette in German-speaking countries. Pre: 2106.
(3H,3C)

3105-3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Progressive and comprehensive review of German syntax and morphology. Practice in written and oral expression in German on a variety of topics in German culture. 3106 Writing intensive. Pre: 2106 or 2114 for 3105; 2106 for 3106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: GERMAN ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken German.  Content-based instruction in small groups.  3125: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale.  3126: to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C) I,II.

3195-3196: GERMAN FOR READING KNOWLEDGE
3195:  Fundamentals of grammar with emphasis on idiomatic patterns and translation technique; 3196: Continues presentation of grammar with increasing emphasis on directed translation of material chosen from the student's major field of interest. Primarily for graduate students. Partially duplicates 1105-1106. Does not satisfy the Arts and Sciences core curriculum foreign language requirement. (2H,2C) I,II,III,IV.

3204: CULTURE OF THE GERMAN-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
Study of German, Austrian, and Swiss culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present, including literature, art, architecture, film, and music. Pre: 3104 or 3105 or 3106. (3H,3C)

3305-3306: SURVEY OF GERMAN LITERATURE
3305: Readings in major works of German literature from the late Middle Ages to the end of Classicism. 3306: Readings in major works of German literature from Romanticism to the end of World War II. Pre: (3105, 3106) or (3105, 3204) or (3106, 3204). (3H,3C) I,II.

3414 (ENGL 3414): GERMAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
A variable content course devoted to the study of major German literary works in English translation.  May be repeated with different content.  May not be taken for credit toward a major or minor in a foreign language.  No knowledge of German required.  In English. One 2000- level English literature course required. (3H,3C)

3474: TOPICS IN GERMAN CINEMA
This course introduces students to critical issues in the history of German Cinema.  It examines the aesthetic characteristics of each major period, with an emphasis on cinematic trends and the way in which film reflects cultural developments in German-speaking countries.  The specific thematic content  is variable. The course is taught in English. It may be taken twice for credit with different content. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4154: ADVANCED COMPOSITION AND STYLISTICS
Intensive advanced work in written German. Development of the student's ability to write clear, correct, and articulate German in a variety of modes.  Style analysis. Writing intensive. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C)

4304: AGE OF GOETHE
Major writers of the age of Goethe: Goethe, and Schiller; the development of German Classicism. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN 19TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
Variable content course devoted to the study of 19th century drama, lyric, and prose. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH-CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of  major literary  works of the 20th century. May be  repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3106, 3306. (3H,3C)

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN GERMAN LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Variable  content course devoted to the study of various aspects of German culture, literature, and language. May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: (3105 or 3106), (3305 or 3306). (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN GERMAN STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills.  May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies. Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. May be taken twice for credit with different content. PRE: one 4000-level German course, major with senior standing, and consent required. (1H,1C) I,II.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Greek Undergraduate Courses (GR)

1105-1106: CLASSICAL AND NEW TESTAMENT GREEK
Introduction to classical/New Testament Greek, for development of reading ability.  1105: Short readings of graded difficulty.  1106: Introduction to the basics of the introduction of language, continued, with the introduction of select longer passages from ancient Greek authors. I,II (3H,3C)

1205-1206: ELEMENTARY MODERN GREEK
Fundamentals of modern Greek with emphasis on developing proficiency for communication through reading, writing, speaking, listening, and cultural competence.  GR 1205 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language. (3H,3C)

2104 (REL 2104): GREEK NEW TESTAMENT
Review and refinement of the language is combined with readings from the New Testament in ancient Greek, with attention to historical context and analysis of the language May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: READINGS IN CLASSICAL GREEK LITERATURE
Study of several major writers of ancient Greek literature. Selections from epic poetry, tragedies, philosophical dialogues, history and oratory. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Hebrew Undergraduate Courses (HEB)

1104 (JUD 1104): INTRODUCTION TO HEBREW LANGUAGE, CIVILIZATION AND CULTURE
Fundamentals of Modern Hebrew language with emphasis on grammar, reading, composition,  and conversation.  For students with no prior knowledge of the language. (3H,3C)

1114 (JUD 1114): ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY HEBREW LANGUAGE
Complementary introduction to the fundamentals of Modern Hebrew language with continued emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation.  This course is for students who have completed 1104 or with permission of the instructor.  1114 is a four-credit course with a self-instruction component that demands student time outside of the class. (3H,2L,4C)

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

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Italian Undergraduate Courses (ITAL)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY ITALIAN
Fundamentals of the Italian language with emphasis on grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. 1105: for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106: for students who have completed 1105 or less than three years in high school. (3H,3C) I,II.

1204: ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURES
Fundamentals of the Italian Language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency. This course is offered at the University's Center for European Studies and Architecture, in Riva San Vilate, Switzerland and does not fulfill the University foreign language requirement. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE ITALIAN
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Italian, communication in Italian, literature, and culture of Italy. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: CULTURE COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Practice in oral and written communication in Italian on a variety of topics in Italian culture.  Progressive and comprehensive review of Italian grammar.  Expansion of vocabulary. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

Japanese Undergraduate Courses (JPN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY JAPANESE
Fundamentals of the Japanese language with emphasis on developing proficiency in practical language use and cultural competency.  1105 is for students with no prior knowledge of the language; 1106 is for students who have completed 1105, or more than one year, but less than three years of high school Japanese. (3H,3C)

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE JAPANESE
Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Japanese, communication in Japanese; study of some literature and culture of the Japanese people. 2105 is for students who have completed 1105 and 1106 or equivalent. 2106 is for students who have completed 2105 or equivalent. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. I,II,III,IV,V.

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Latin Undergraduate Courses (LAT)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY LATIN
Introduction to Latin, for development of reading ability. 1105: Introduction to the basics of the language and short readings of graded difficulty.  1106: Introduction to the basics of the language, continued, with introduction of selected passages from ancient Roman authors for reading, comprehension, and translation. (3H,3C) I,II.

2104: CICERO AND LIVY
A course in two major Latin prose authors. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2114: LATIN EPIC: VERGIL AND OVID
A course in two important Latin poets of the Age of Augustus with a view to increasing the students ability to understand and read Latin. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C)

2124: LATIN LYRIC: CATULLUS AND HORACE
Two important Latin poets of the Late Republic. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, linguistic, cultural, and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C)

2134: LATE MEDIEVAL LATIN
Post-classical Latin, from Augustine and Boethius through the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and the Modern Age. Review and refinement of the language is combined with an increasing attention to historical, cultural, linguistic and literary questions. May be repeated with different content for a maximum of 9 credits. Pre: 1105, 1106. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section. Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3004: READINGS IN LATIN LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to the study of major Latin texts not offered in the 2000-level courses. Emphasis is on content, style, and context. May be repeated for credit with different content. Two 2000-level courses in Latin or equivalent proficiency required. Writing Intensive. (3H,3C)

4004: DIRECTED STUDIES IN LATIN PROSE COMPOSITION
Application of Latin grammar structure to the translation of English into Latin. Original compositions are written in Latin. (Will be offered during the academic year whenever there is sufficient enrollment and available staffing).  One 3000-level course in Latin required. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Honors section.
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Honors section. Variable credit course.

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Portuguese Undergraduate Course (PORT)

1105-1106: BEGINNING CONVERSATIONAL PORTUGUESE
Essential vocabulary and structures of the Portuguese language as spoken in Brazil; emphasis on active spoken and written use of the language for practical daily purposes. (3H,3C) I,II.

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

Russian Undergraduate Courses (RUS)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY RUSSIAN
Fundamentals of grammar, pronunciation, conversation. 1105: Grammar and conversation; 1106: Grammar, conversation, and several selected readings from Russian literature. (4H,4C) I,II.

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE RUSSIAN
Grammar, reading, conversation, and composition. Emphasizes comprehension of written and spoken Russian. Pre: 1106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2734: INTRODUCTION TO RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Russian culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present. Interdisciplinary approach to Russian literature, art, architecture, music, film, and theatre in the context of Russian cultural history. In English. (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105,3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Detailed study of grammar.  Practice in written and oral expression in Russian on a variety of topics. Supplementary readings to emphasize application of grammatical principles.  3105 includes a rapid grammatical review. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3124: RUSSIAN FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
Devoted to the acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Russian. Content-based instruction in small groups.  For students who would like to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale.  Admission by oral exam required. Taught alternate years. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C)

3304: SURVEY OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Masterpieces of Russian fiction and poetry written between 1815 and 1881. Begins with the romantic poetry of they early nineteenth century and traces the beginnings of Russian prose from early short stories to the rise of the novel as the dominant literary form in the second half of the century. Topics range from history to politics to theological and philosophical issues examined in various works. Methods, terminology and practice of literary analysis. In English. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H. (3H,3C)

3314: SURVEY OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Masterpieces of the twentieth-century Russian literature. Symbolist, Acmeist and Futurist poetry, modernist and postmodernist prose. Terminology, practice, and methods of literary analysis. Taught in English. Pre: ENGL 1106 or ENGL 1204H. (3H,3C)

3424 (ENGL 3424): RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN ENGLISH
Variable-content course devoted to the study of Russian literary classics.  Readings and lectures in English. Topics will range from general surveys of 19th century or 20th century Russian literature to more intensive study of the works of a single major author like Tolstoy or Dostoevsky.  May be repeated with different content. No knowledge of Russian required.  In English.  One 2000-level English literature course required. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4204: TOPICS IN RUSSIAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Specific topics in Russian culture and civilization. Variable content.  May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C)

4304: STUDIES IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE
Selected masterpieces of Russian literature, read in original. Lectures and discussions in Russian.  May be repeated for credit with different content. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C)

4964: FIELD STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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Spanish Undergraduate Courses (SPAN)

1105-1106: ELEMENTARY SPANISH
Fundamentals of grammar, composition, and oral skills. Readings carefully selected for comprehension and simple conversation. 1105 for students with no high school Spanish; 1106 for students who have completed 1105 or who have less than three years of high school Spanish. (3H,3C) I,II,III,IV.

1114: ACCELERATED ELEMENTARY SPANISH
Condenses SPAN 1105 and 1106. Proficiency-oriented approach to elementary Spanish, designed for learners with some prior experience in the language or for those who wish to progress rapidly through the beginning stages of language learning. Supplemented with a self-instructional electronic component. Meets University and college foreign language requirement. SPAN 1114 duplicates SPAN 1106. (3H,2L,4C) I,II.

2105-2106: INTERMEDIATE SPANISH
Review of grammar with increasing emphasis on reading, writing, and oral communication. X-grade allowed. Pre: 1106 or 1114 for 2105; 2105 for 2106. (3H,3C) I,II.

2154 (HORT 2154): SPANISH FOR THE GREEN INDUSTRY
Dialogue-based language course focusing on the vocabulary and grammatical structures pertaining to Green and Agricultural Industry jobs.  Includes vocabulary and context specific to jobs and workers in greenhouse, nursery, turf and landscape environments. Spanish culture is included throughout the course along with grammar and structure.  Prior study in Spanish is helpful but not required.  I, II. (3H,3C)

2744: INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Introduction to Spanish culture and civilization from the Middle Ages to the present.  Interdisciplinary approach combining the study of literature, the arts, architecture, music, theatre, and film in the context of Spanish cultural history. In English. (4H,3C)

2754: INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND CIVILIZATION
Spanish-American culture and civilization from the discovery of the New World to the present.  Interdisciplinary approach  to  literature, film, art, architecture, music, and theatre in the  context  of  Spanish-American cultural history.  In English. (3H,3C)

2774: MINORITY LANGUAGES IN THE SPANISH-SPEAKING CONTEXT
Examination of language policies and practices with regard to minority languages across the Spanish-speaking context, histories of minority languages in Spanish-speaking areas, and the current socio-political situations of these languages and their speakers; exploration of issues concerning linguistic rights, such as access to education, economic opportunities, and political status; analysis of the implications of restrictions on minority groups' linguistic rights; and discussion of why some minority-language speakers have been more successful in their language conservation or revitalization efforts than others. In English. Does not count toward the Spanish major or minor (3H,3C)

2964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

2974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

2984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

3105-3106: GRAMMAR, COMPOSITION AND CONVERSATION
Practice in communication skills in Spanish both orally and in writing, including review of grammar, directed composition, and conversation, with an emphasis on pronunciation and oral expressions.  Not recommended for native speakers of Spanish. Pre: 2106 for 3105; 3105 for 3106. (3H,3C) I,II.

3125-3126: SPANISH FOR ORAL PROFICIENCY
For acquisition of measured levels of proficiency in speaking and understanding spoken Spanish.  Content-based instruction in small groups.  3125:  to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Intermediate-high" on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (ACTFL-OPI) or "S-1+" on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) scale. 3126:  to achieve an oral proficiency rating comparable to "Advanced" on the (ACTFL-OPI) or a "2" on the FSI scale. Admission by oral exam. Pass/Fail only. (3H,3C) I,II.

3304: INTRODUCTION TO HISPANIC LITERATURE
Introduction to Hispanic literature through analysis and discussion of selected major texts from Spain and Spanish America.  Methods, terminology, and practice of literary analysis. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3106. (3H,3C) II.

3404: EARLY PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course examines Spain's construction of a cohesive national identity as it comes together to form a nation and to become a leading world empire.  Exploring the development of Spain from pre-history to the end of the Golden Age in 1700, the class engages diverse literary and cultural texts in dialogue with the key historical and political events of their period in order to provide a greater appreciation of how various cultural media interact with one another in the construction of an overall national identity. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3414: MODERN PENINSULAR CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course examines Spain's efforts to re-construct itself in the years following the waning of its imperial power. Exploring the development of Spanish identity from 1700 to the present, the class examines diverse literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created.  The course treats canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both "high" and "popular" culture, and includes narrative, poetry, theatre, film, art, and architecture. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3444: EARLY SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course traces the cultural development of Spanish America from the pre-Hispanic era to independence from Spain in the 19th century.  Key literary and cultural texts are examined within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created.  The course includes historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, art, architecture, and music. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3454: MODERN SPANISH-AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
This course combines Spanish-American civilization, culture, and literature from the 19th century period of independence to the present.  Key literary and cultural texts are examined within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created.  The course treats canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both "high" and "popular" culture, and includes historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3464: MODERN MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture, and literature of Mexico and Central America, spanning the 19th century post-independence period to the present; examination of literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; study of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both "high" and "popular" culture, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H, 3C). Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3474: MODERN SPANISH-CARIBBEAN CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture, and literature of the Spanish Caribbean, spanning the 19th century post-independence period to the present; examination of literary and cultural texts within the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; study of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, form both "high" and "popular" culture, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music. Taught in Spanish Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3484: MODERN ANDEAN AND SOUTHERN CONE CULTURE AND LITERATURE
Exploration of the civilization, culture and literature of the Andean and Southern Cone regions of South America, spanning the 19th century post-independence period to the present; examination of literary and cultural texts with the historical, political, and social context in which they were created; study of canonical as well as non-canonical texts, from both "high" and "popular" culture, including historical texts, narrative, poetry, drama, film, art, architecture, and music. Taught in Spanish Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3494: INTRODUCTION TO HISPANIC LINGUISTICS
Introduction to fundamental concepts of Hispanic linguistics; exploration of context-appropriate language use; examination of linguistic properties in Spanish (phonetics/phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics/pragmatics); development of analytical tools necessary to explore the relationship between the Spanish language and Hispanic cultural practices; and application of knowledge of linguistics to hands-on activities. In Spanish. [Pre: 3304 (3H, 3C)] Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3514: SPANISH FOR THE MEDICAL PROFESSIONS
Specialized course applying knowledge of the Spanish language and its culture to the medical professions. Contextualized use of specific vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, and cultural practices in real-world situations. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3524: INTRODUCTION TO SPANISH TRANSLATION
Introduction to the translation of various types of texts, such as literature, business correspondence, commercial advertising, and legal documents. Includes translation from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English, as well as a thorough review of Spanish grammar and idiomatic language. Taught in Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3534: SPANISH FOR THE BUSINESS PROFESSIONS
Vocabulary, idiomatic expressions, business letters, and customs common to the Spanish-speaking commercial milieu. For students who would like to apply their language knowledge to careers in the business world. In Spanish. Pre: 3304. (3H,3C)

3684: CROSSING THE BORDER: LIVING THE LITERATURE
Experiential education in the local Latino community through academic readings, community experience, journal reflections, and classroom discussions.  Includes 50 hours per semester of interaction with Latino families in their homes, exchanging culture and language with recent immigrants to the New River and Roanoke Valleys. Pre: 2106. (3H,3C)

3954: STUDY ABROAD
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

3984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course.

4104: ADVANCED GRAMMAR AND STYLE
Analysis of and practice with advanced grammatical and stylistic concepts, including idiomatic and colloquial usage.  Intended to help advanced students achieve high levels of proficiency in writing and speaking Spanish. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C) II.

4114: TOPICS IN SPANISH LINGUISTICS
Variable content course that surveys linguistic concepts and methods as related to the Spanish language.  Topics may include the study of the phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics of Spanish; the pedagogical application of these language systems; the psychological and social context of language; and the development of Spanish from its origins to its modern form.  May be repeated for credit with different content.
I Pre: 3494. (3H,3C)

4124: SPANISH TRANSLATION:  THEORY AND TECHNIQUE
Introduction to translation theories and application of these theories to different types of texts, including literature, business correspondence, commercial advertising, and legal documents.  Includes translation from English to Spanish and from Spanish to English, as well as a thorough review of Spanish grammar and idiomatic language. Pre: 3105. (3H,3C)

4304: STUDIES IN MEDIEVAL AND GOLDEN AGE LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the Middle Ages and of the Golden Age.  The texts selected are studied not only for their aesthetic value but also for their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. I Pre: 3404. (3H,3C)

4314: STUDIES IN 18TH AND 19TH CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 18th and 19th centuries.   The texts selected are studied not only for their aesthetic value but also in terms of their historical and cultural significance.  May be taken twice for credit with different content.  Taught alternate years. I Pre: 3414. (3H,3C)

4324: STUDIES IN 20TH CENTURY LITERATURE
A variable content course devoted to Hispanic literature of the 20th century.  Texts are selected not only for their aesthetic value but also in terms of their historical and cultural significance. May be taken twice for credit with different content. Taught alternate years.  Prerequisite 3404 or 3414 for Spain course; 3444 or 3454 for Spanish American course. II Pre: 3414 or 3454. (3H,3C)

4334: SPECIAL TOPICS IN HISPANIC LIFE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
Broad central themes of Hispanic culture as manifested in creative and historical literature, music, art, film, etc., or in language, such as the history of the Spanish language, translation techniques, or the staging of dramatic works in Spanish.   Historical and/or national boundaries are crossed whenever the nature of the topic permits.  May be repeated for credit with different content. Taught alternate years. X-grade allowed. Pre: 3454. (3H,3C) II.

4344: SPANISH-AMERICAN LITERATURE AND THE REPRESENTATION OF HISTORY
This is a variable content course that allows students to explore different geographical regions of Spanish America and the ways that authors have used literature to preserve, recreate, revise, subvert, and even contradict their countries' official history.  All discussion conducted in Spanish.  May be repeated for credit up to three times with different content.  Pre: minimum oral proficiency of "Advanced" on the ACTFL scale; at least one prior 4000-level course in Hispanic literature, or consent. Pre: 3454 or 3444. (3H,3C)

4794: SENIOR TUTORIAL IN SPANISH STUDIES
Individual or small group sessions which give the student the opportunity to hone special language skills, with a focus on post-graduation application of these skills. May concentrate on areas such as technical or business language, linguistics, translation, interpreting, creative writing, specialized literary, or cultural studies.  May be taken twice for credit  with  different content.  Must be pre-arranged three weeks before end of previous semester. One 4000 level Spanish course required. Restricted to Seniors. Restricted to Spanish majors. Consent of Spanish Section required. (1H,1C) I,II,III,IV.

4964: FIELD STUDY
Pass/Fail only. Variable credit course.

4964H: FIELD STUDY
Honors Variable credit course.

4974: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4974H: INDEPENDENT STUDY
Variable credit course.

4984: SPECIAL STUDY
Variable credit course. X-grade allowed.

4994: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

4994H: UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH
Variable credit course.

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